12041002王春晓

TheOneAgainsttheManyArthurM.Schlesinger,Jr.12041002王春晓OurGroup王春晓Introduction;Para.1toPara.6吴海琴Para.7toPara.12马静Para.13toPara.19胡笛Para.20toPara.22;conclusionAbouttheAuthorArthurM.Schlesinger,Jr.ArthurMeierSchlesinger,Jr.(October15,1917–February28,2007)wasanAmericanhistorian,socialcritic,publicintellectualandaspecialistinAmericanhistory.MuchofSchlesinger'sworkexploredthehistoryof20th-centuryAmericanliberalism.Inparticular,hisworkfocusedonleaderssuchasHarryTruman,FranklinD.Roosevelt(FranklinDelanoRoosevelt),JohnF.Kennedy(JohnFitzgeraldKennedy).HarryTrumanThe33rdpresidentoftheUnitedStatesHisforeignpolicy——TrumanDoctrine(1947)ABriefIntroductionoftheThreePresidentsFranklinRooseveltThe32ndpresidentoftheUnitedStatesTheonlyfourth-termpresidentJohnF.KennedyThe35thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesTheyoungestpresidenteverAssassination(Dallas,Texas,1963)Thisisalistofhispublishedworks:1939OrestesA.Brownson:APilgrim'sProgress1945TheAgeofJackson1949TheVitalCenter:ThePoliticsofFreedom1950WhatAboutCommunism?1951TheGeneralandthePresident,andtheFutureofAmericanForeignPolicy1957TheCrisisoftheOldOrder:1919–1933(TheAgeofRoosevelt,Vol.I)1958TheComingoftheNewDeal:1933–1935(TheAgeofRoosevelt,Vol.II)1960ThePoliticsofUpheaval:1935–1936(TheAgeofRoosevelt,Vol.III)1960KennedyorNixon:DoesItMakeAnyDifference?1962ThePoliticsofHope1963PathsofAmericanThought(ed.withMortonWhite)1965AThousandDays:JohnF.KennedyintheWhiteHouse(HewroteadetailedaccountoftheKennedyAdministration,fromthe1960presidentialcampaigntothepresident'sstatefuneral,titledAThousandDays.)1965TheMacArthurControversyandAmericanForeignPolicy1967BitterHeritage:VietnamandAmericanDemocracy,1941–19661967CongressandthePresidency:TheirRoleinModernTimes1968Violence:AmericaintheSixties1969TheCrisisofConfidence:Ideas,Power,andViolenceinAmerica1970TheOriginsoftheColdWar1973TheImperialPresidency–reissuedin1989(withepilogue)&20041978RobertKennedyandHisTimes–adaptedintoa1985TVminiseries1983CreativityinStatecraft1983AlmanacofAmericanHistory–revisededition,20041986CyclesofAmericanHistory1988JFKRemembered1988WarandtheConstitution:AbrahamLincolnandFranklinD.Roosevelt1988Cleopatra,NewYork:ChelseaHouse,(Hoobler,Dorothy;Hoobler,Thomas;introductoryessayOnleadershipbyArthurM.Schlesinger,Jr.)1990IstheColdWarOver?1991TheDisunitingofAmerica:ReflectionsonaMulticulturalSociety2000ALifeinthe20thCentury,InnocentBeginnings,1917–19502004WarandtheAmericanPresidency2007Journals1952–2000AbouttheTitle“TheOneAgainsttheMany”Whatarethetwosubjectsmentionedinthistitle?Whatdoes“theone”referto?Andwhatabout“themany”?Whatistherelationbetween“theone”and“themany”?Fortheauthor,whoisgoingtowinthewar?Thistextanalyzestherelationshipbetween“theone”referringtooneviewpointand“themany”referringtomanyviewpoints,taking_______asanexample.AmericaWhatisyourimpressionofAmerica?OutlinePartI(Para.1)AmericanexperienceinachievingrapidnationaldevelopmentPartII(Para.2-6)thefactorsthatfacilitatedtherapidsocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesPartIII(Para.7-10)thedefinitionofideology;Americans’attitudestowardsideology;differencebetweenpragmatismandideologyPartV(Para.13-14)raiseandanswerthequestion“whatiswrongwithfaithinideology?”PartVI(Para.15-19)differencesbetweentheideologistandthepragmatistintheirviewsofhistoryandintheirapproachestoissuesofpublicpolicyPartIV(Paras.11-12)anexampleofdistinctionbetweenidealsandideologyPartVII(Para.20-22)It’stheconcludingpart.Itanalyzesthegoaloftheideologistsandthegoaloffreemen,leadingtotheconclusionthatthe“many”shouldbethechoice.Words1epoch['iːpɒk]时期；时代；新纪元；划时代的大事aperiodmarkedbydistinctivecharacterorreckonedfromafixedpointoreventepoch,era['ɪərə],ageEpochappliestothebeginningofanewperiodmarkedbyradicalchanges,newdevelopment.Erareferstotheentireperiod.Ageisappliedtoalongperiodidentifiedwithsomedominantpersonalityordistinctivecharacteristic.e.g.theStoneAgeaspiration英[ˌæspə'reɪʃn]line1,Para.1n.awilltosucceed抱负；志向；acherisheddesire渴望e.g.Henursedanaspirationtobeapoet.v.aspire英[ə'spaɪə(r)]haveanambitiousplanoraloftygoalaspiretodosomethingadj.aspiring英[ə'spaɪərɪŋ]desiringorstrivingforrecognitionoradvancement渴望的；追求的；有抱负的aspiration,ambitionaspirationcommendatory[kə'mendətərɪ]aspirationsderogatory[dɪ'rɒɡətri]ambitioncommendatoryorderogatory2distinctiveline1,Para.2[di'stiŋktiv]ofafeaturethathelpstodistinguishapersonorthing独特的，有特色的，与众不同的n.distinctivenessthequalityofbeingdifferent与众不同，特点distincteasytoperceive;clearlyoutlined;recognizable;marked清楚的，明显的distinctnessn.thequalityofbeingsharpandclear清楚，明显distinctionn.adistinguishingdifference区别adistinguishingquality特质thequalityofbeingoutstanding卓越，优秀3ratio[ˈreɪʃɪˌəʊ]line5,Para.2n.therelativemagnitudesoftwoquantities比率；比例e.g.Theratioofstudentstoteachersis35:1.4scarce[skɛəs]line4,Para.2deficientinquantityornumbercomparedwiththedemand不足的，稀少的scarce,rarerarenotwidelyknown;especiallyvaluedforitsuncommonness稀罕的,珍贵的，极好的e.g.Foodwasscarcethroughoutthewar.Hiscollectionofrarebooksisworthmillions.5facilitate[fə'siliteit]line10,Para.2makeeasier使容易，有助于e.g.Moderninventionsfacilitatehousework.6potentia