高考英语短语正反背诵

一、按大词（动词、名词）记忆look的常用短语：lookup…in查找looksb.upanddown上下打量lookbackto/upon回顾lookupon…as把…看作lookforwardto期待lookthrough浏览;看穿takeanewlook呈现新面貌fear的常用短语：infear害怕地(be)infearof害怕forfearof/that担心；生怕concentrate的常用短语：concentrateon专心…concentrateone’smindon专心于…类似的短语：fixone’sminduponfocusonputone’sheartintofocusone’smindonsurprise常用短语：insurprise惊讶地toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是besurpriseat/todo/that对某事感到惊讶表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语1．表示动作的有：pullonputondressdresssb2.表示状态的有：wearbeinbedressedinhave…on常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词likecareforbekeenonbefondoftakedelightin…trouble的常用短语：havemuchtrouble/notrouble(in)doing在…有/没有困难takegreattroubletodo不辞辛劳做某事putsbtothetroubleofdoing…为难某人做某事maketrouble捣乱bein(great)trouble惹麻烦；处在困境中helpsb.outoftrouble帮某人摆脱困境end的常用短语：cometoanend……结束putanendto结束……onend竖起,连续intheend终于;最后endup(by)doing…以……结束makebothendsmeet收支相抵表示“导致”、“由…引起”的短语：1.导致causesth.(todo)resultinleadto2.由……引起becausedbyresultfromgrowoutofliein表“全力以赴”的短语：do/tryone’sbestsparenoeffortstodotakegreatpainstodogoallouttododowhatsomebodycan(do)tododoallsomebodycan(do)tododirection常用短语：in(the)directionof….朝……方向underthedirectionof...在……的指导下followthedirections照说明去做far常用短语：farfrom(being)离……要求相差很远farfrom+(aplace)距离某地很远faraway遥远sofar到目前为止;那么远asfarassb.knows/sees据某人所知byfar(最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用distance常用短语：inthedistance在远处from/atadistance从远处keepsb.atadistance于某人保持一定距离Itisnodistanceatall.不远use常用短语：usedtodo过去曾经、常做beusedtodoing…习惯于……beusedtodo被用来做……makegood/fulluseof充分利用……comeintouse开始使用……itisnousedoing…干……没有用“出了什么事”的几种不同表达What’swrongwith….?What’sthematterwith…?What’sthetroublewith…?Whathappened(tosb.)?“众所周知”常用表达法：Itisknowntoallthat…主语从句，that不能省Asisknowntoall,定语从句，置于句首Weallknow(that)后接宾语从句Everyoneknows(that)后接宾语从句,whichisknowntoall.非限定从句，置于句末表“同意某人意见”的常用短语：agreewithsb./whatsb.saidagreetosth.approve(of)sth.infavourofsth.beagreeabletosth.beforsth.“不同意”disagreewithsb./whatsb.saidobjecttosth.disapprove(of)sth.beagainststh.sign的常用短语：signone’sname签名signtosb(not)todosth.示意某人(不)做某事signsof………的迹象wouldrather与prefer的区别1．宁愿做……而不做……wouldratherdoAthandoBpreferAtoBprefertodoAratherthandoB2.wouldrather主语+过去式，表示“宁愿”eg.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.shouldprefersb.todosth./shouldprefer主语+过去式，表示“比较喜欢……”eg.Ishouldpreferyounottogotherealone.OR:Ishouldpreferthatyoudidnotgotherealone.trap常用短语becaughtinatrap落入圈套beledintoatrap中圈套setatraptodosth.设圈套……betrappedinsth.被…..所围困grow常用短语inthegrowof在….成长中growup长大;成长growrichon靠…..变富growinto长成……growoutof由…..引起/滋生出make常用短语bemadeupof=consistof由……组成makeupfor弥补bemadefrom/of由……造成makeup编造;组成;化妆bemadeinto制成……makefunof取笑;嘲弄makealiving谋生supply,provide,offer的区别：1．表示“向某人提供某物”supply/providesb.withsth.supply/providesth.forsb.supplysth.tosb.offersb.sth.2.表示“主动提出做某事”offertodosth.3.表示“倘使”、“假如”provided/providingthat=onconditionthat=onlyif4.表示“满足需要”supply/meetaneed.supply的常用短语inshortsupply缺乏，不足medical/militarysupply医疗/军用品suppliesof…许多lack的常用短语belackinginsth.在……不足makeupforthelackof弥补……的不足for/by/from/throughlackof…由于…不足,缺乏havenolackof不缺damage的常用短语dodamage/harmto对……有害causedamageto对……造成损害askfordamage要求赔偿dieof与diefrom的区别dieof表示“死于……病”或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤。dieofcancer/grief/hunger/anger/colddiefrom表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如：diefrompollutedair/overwork/swordthrustdie常用短语dieforone’scountry为国捐躯diedown熄灭、平息dieoff绝种、枯死dieaway消逝、静下来dieaheroicdeath英勇牺牲threaten常用短语threatensb.withsth.用……威胁某人threatentodo…威胁做……underthethreatof…在……的威胁下speed常用短语speedup加速atthespeedof…以…..的速度withgreatspeed迅速aim常用短语takeaimat瞄准reachanaim达到目的aimat瞄准、针对permit与allow的区别表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。permit/allowdoingsth.permit/allowsb.todosth.permit/allowofsth一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”，多用permitTime/Weatherpermitting,I’lldropinonher.allow还可以表示“承认”、“考虑到”。例如：1.Weallowhimtobewronged.2.willtakeanhourtogothere,allowingfortrafficdelays.means常用短语bymeansof通过…..,靠……bythismeans/inthisway用这种方法bynomeans/innocase决不byallmeans用一切办法keep常用短语keepupwith紧跟…..keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止…..做……keepoffthegrass勿踏草地keeptothepoint紧扣主题keepintouchwith与……保持联系mark常用短语makeone’smark成功、出名bemarkedwith标明gain/getfullmarksfor……得满分seat常用短语takeone’sseat坐下haveaseat请坐see/findsb.seated看见/发现某人坐在….beseated就座,坐着seatoneselfin/at/on使自己坐在……部分动词+to+doing的用法lookforwardtogetdowntoobjecttodevote…to…payattentiontoprefer…to…give常用短语giveup放弃givein让步\屈服giveoff散发出giveaway赠送、泄漏giveriseto引起……giveout疲劳、用完、散发出fit常用短语befitfor适合keepfit/keephealthy保持健康befittodo适合于…..fitinwith适应……anicefit合身的衣服…fitsb.某人穿…..合身reach常用短语reachanagreement达成协议reachfor…伸手去拿/够……within/outofreach够得到/够不着reachsb’sunderstanding使某人明白feed常用短语feedsth.tosb/feedsb.onsth.用……喂养……befedupof…/betiredof…/beboredwith…对……感到厌倦feedon以……为食mercy常用短语withoutmercy残忍地havemercyon/upon对……表示怜悯atthemercyof任凭摆布begformercy乞求饶恕exist常用短语existin/liein/consistin存在于……inexistence现存的comeintoexistence/comeintobeing形成opinion常用短语inone’sopinion=intheopinionofsb.在某人看来haveahigh/lowopinionof对……评价高/低giveone’sopinionon对……谈自己的看法persuade常用短语persuadesb.todo=persuadesb.intodoing说服某人做某事trytopersuadesb.todo试图说服某人做某事persuadesb.tosth.说服某人同意某事engage常用短语beengagedtosb.与某人订婚beengagedinsth.=beengageddoingsth.忙于……,从事某事wide与broad的区别它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”ariver50feetwide/broad指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad,表示“睁大