蓄电池产品技术手册

1阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池产品说明书宁波九洲圣豹电源有限责任公司2目录1引言···············································································12主要用途···········································································12.1浮充使用··········································································12.2循环使用··········································································13电池结构···········································································24密封原理···········································································25技术特点···········································································46技术规格···········································································57电气性能···········································································97.1充电特性··········································································97.1.1浮充电特性······································································97.1.2循环充电特性····································································97.1.3均衡充电特性····································································107.2放电特性·········································································107.2.1恒电流放电特性·································································107.2.2放电容量温度特性······························································137.2.3冲击放电特性···································································137.2.4容量换算系数与时间关系曲线····················································147.2.5容量换算系数比较································································157.2.6恒定终止电压放电特性····························································157.2.7大电流放电特性·································································157.3容量保持特性····································································167.4内阻特性········································································167.5寿命特性········································································168安装指南··········································································178.1安装注意事项····································································178.2蓄电池安装······································································178.3电池柜安装······································································189验收··············································································229.1验收标准········································································229.2验收规则········································································229.3容量校核········································································2210使用与维护·······································································2311蓄电池常见故障及消除方法·························································2412技术服务及质量信息反馈·························································2531引言宁波九洲圣豹电源有限责任公司是哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司控股的子公司，是2010年9月哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司与圣豹电源有限责任公司合资成立的专业生产各类蓄电池的生产厂家。注册商标SUPER(雄霸)和SBB(圣豹)均被授权使用。SUPER（SBB）FMGFM系列阀控密封铅酸蓄电池是在研究传统的“铅——硫酸——二氧化铅”电化学的基础上，应用气体再化合原理，采用新型材料、新技术设计制造而成。SUPER（雄霸）蓄电池是专为电力系统设计使用的蓄电池，该电池从93年挂网运行以来，因特点突出、安全稳定、使用寿命长及电气性能优越等特点深受广大电力用户的好评。该产品多次通过国家电网公司质量检测中心的检测。电力系统专用蓄电池较普通的阀控蓄电池具有如下特点：1．使用寿命长、容量大：电池的极板厚，增加了耐腐蚀寿命。同时活性物质相对增多，使电池容量得以充分保证。2．密封性能好，采用了专利密封技术，杜绝了电池的爬酸、漏液现象。3．极板的固化、干燥工艺先进。采用了独特的固化、干燥工艺，使活性物质附着力增强，无脱落现象。4．独特的汇流排合金配比，使其耐腐性增加。同时增大了汇流排的截面积，使电池的耐冲击性能增加，内阻明显减小。5．极柱、端子一体化设计，并增大了极柱端子的截面积，保证了端子在大电流冲击时不受损坏，安全性能提高。SBB（圣豹）蓄电池通过美国UL及欧盟ROHS认证，远销欧美等国家，2010年被评为浙江省名牌产品。此外，公司按ISO9001管理模式建立质量管理体系，并被有效的运行，对电池容量、开路电压、浮充电压均衡性、密封性、安全阀开启压力以及极性等性能100%在线检测，因而具有很高的可靠性和稳定性。2主要用途2.1浮充使用（备用电源）2.2循环使用●电信、通信设备、程控交换机。●便携式电视机、摄录像机、收录音机。●应急照明系统。●电动工具、割草机、吸尘器。●安全防盗、防火报警系统。●照相机、新闻摄影设备。●计算机UPS。●便携式个人计算机、语言处理器、终端。●电力开关系统。●野外测试设备、医疗仪器设备。●发电厂、变电所直流操作电源及备用电源。●移动电话机、对讲机。●发动机起动、船舶设备。●矿灯、割胶灯、应急灯、铁路信号灯。●太阳能系统。●电动玩具、电动轮椅。3电池结构4图1.蓄电池结构(12V系列)图2.蓄电池结构(2V系列)表1SUPER(SBB)FMGFM系列蓄电池构件与功能部件结构材料功能正极板负极板涂浆式极板,把活性物质涂在特制铅钙合金骨架上。保持足够的容量维持容量长期使用性用（长寿）减低自身放电量。提高释放气体电极电位。5隔板高强度耐热氧化性极佳的优质超细玻璃纤维毡。防止正、负极板之间短路。吸附储备电解液，无流动电解液。紧压极板表面，防止活性物质脱落。电解液分析纯硫酸配以高纯水和特定的添加剂。正负极活性物质间产生电化学反应。导电作用。外壳和盖丙烯腈（A）—丁二（B）—苯乙烯（S）共聚物合成树脂。容纳由正负极板和隔板组成的极群。保持足够的机械强度，可抵受蓄电池内的压力。安全阀用无双键、耐酸性极好、品质稳定而耐用的合成橡胶制成。采用帽形或柱形。内装陶瓷过滤器。如果蓄电池内气压高于正常值时，便放出气体，使内压正常化。防止氧进入和酸雾放出。端子用铅合金制成，与接线柱一起整体模制。非焊接及截面积大的接线端子提高放电倍率和可靠性。容易连接。极柱密封封口剂的颜色：正极为红色，负极为蓝色。特种密封胶，专用密封圈。内外多层密封，防止爬酸渗液。4密封原理铅酸蓄电池的充放电的电化学反应过程如图3，反应方程式如下：放电PbO2+2H2SO4+PbPbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4···········(1)充电正极电解液负极正极水负极充电后期在正极板产生氧气，在负极板产生氢气正极：H2O→1/2O2+2H++2e……（2）负极：2H++2e→H2……（3）铅酸蓄电池实现密封的难点就是充电后期水的电解，FMGFMGFM(G)系列电池采取了以下几项重要措施，从而实现了密封性能。●采用铅钙合金板栅，提高了释放氢气电位，抑制了氢气的产生，从而减少了气体释放量，同时使自放电率降低。●FMGFMGFM(G)系列蓄电池利用了负极活性物质海绵状铅的特性，这种物质在潮湿条件下活性很高，能与氧快速反应，阴极吸收氧气，抑制了水的减少而无需要补充水。●在充电最终阶段或在过量充电情况下，充电能量消耗在分解电解液的水份，因而正极板产生氧气，此氧气与负极板的海绵状铅以及硫酸起反应，使氧气再化合为水。同时一部分负极板变成放电状态，因此也抑制了负极板氢气产生。与氧气反应变成放电状态的负极物质经过充电又恢复到原来的海绵状铅。●为了让正极释放的氧气尽快流通到负极，采用了新型超细玻璃纤维隔板，其孔率可达90%以上，贫液紧装配设计使氧气易于流通到负极再化合为水。充电的最终阶段或过量充电情况下所进行的化学反应如图4，反应方程式如下：正极的反应：2H2O→O2+4H++4e……（4）负极的反应：2Pb+O2→2PbO（吸收氧气）……（5）62PbO+2H2SO4→2PbSO4+2H2O……（6）2PbSO4+4H++4e→2Pb+2H2SO4(PbSO4还原)……（7）负极总反应：O2+4H++4e→2H2O……（8）综上所述：从正极板产