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常用介词的原始概念及部分引申意义1.about表示地点:“在……周围,在各处,在……附近”Don’tthrowwastepaperabout.Wetooktheforeignfriendaboutthegarden.表示时间、程度:“大约,近于……”Thetreeisabout10meterstall.Thebuswillleaveatabout8:30.表示客体关系:“对于,关于,有关……”Whatdoyoutalkaboutthesubject?Whatisshesohappyabout?2.above表示位置,职业,数量,年龄等:“在……上方,在……之上,超过……”Thetemperatureisabove8℃today.ThereisamapofChinaabovetheblackboard.Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.引申义:表示品质,行为能力等方面“超过,超出……之外”;“因……太……(难好)而不……”Theproblemisaboveme.Jimisabovealltheotherboysinhisclass.反义词below用法基本相同。3.at表示时间:“在……(时刻、钟点、岁数)等Themeetingwillbeginat9:00tomorrow.表示地点:“在……(指小地方)atthefoodofthehillatNO.248in/onGuangmingRoad表示动作方向:“针对……,朝……,向……”Hethrewastoneatthewindow.Lookatpointat表示状态:“在……之中”atworkatmeetingatdeskattable表示原因:Hewassurprisedatmywords.Theyweresadathearingthemews.Hewasgladatwhatherbrotherhadsaid.4.after表示时间和空间:“在……之后”Hegoesonworkingdayafterday.Don’tworkatonceaftermeals.Afteryou!你先请引申意义:“追求……”Whoisheafter?他在追求谁?5agaist:“反对……,违背……”Themanisstandingagainstthewall.WewillhavematchagainstClass3tomorrow.6.before表示时间:“在……之前、以前”thedaybeforeyesterday表示位置:“在……前面、当着……的面”Thereisachairbeforethebed.7.along:“沿着/顺着……”Walkalongtheroadandyouwillfindthecinema.8among:among:在……之中,between:在……(两者)之间9.behind:表示地点,位置:在……背后,在……后面Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.表示时间:迟于、晚于、落后于……Hisideasarebehindthetimes.10.beside在……旁边,在……附近Themanwhoisstandingbesidemyfatherismyuncle.Thereisabeautifulparkbesidethehotel.11.besidesexceptbut用法区别Besides表示“除……之外还有……”;except和but近义,表示“除……之外没有……”BesidestheSpringFestival,Mid-autumnDayisalsoanimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.ThismorningnobodywaslateforschoolexceptTim.(Timwaslateforschool)12.by表示地点:在……旁边,在……身边Comeandsitbyme!Thereisahousebytheriver.表示方式,手段:“靠,用,通过……”Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.(bybike,bycar,byair,byship,byboat…)表示时间:到……为止(常用于完成时态中)Bytheendofthisyear,wehaveplantedmorethantwothousandtrees.ThemeetinghadbeenonfortenminutesbythetimeIgotthere.表示动作方向,位置:经过,沿着……Igobyhisofficeeverymorning.Theywentonbythehill-road.13.down沿着……向下(副词:朝下,向下)falldown,getdown,godownthestreet14.during在……期间FatherChristmaswillcomeduringthenightbeforeChristmas15.for表示行为目的,对象:为……,替(代)……,对于……youcanhavearest,Iwilldoitforyou.Weeatforliving,butlivingisnotforeating.IwentshoppingformotherlastSunday.“限定于……,供……用的”JamesHerriotisafamousdoctorforanimals.Herearesomebooksforchildren.Thisisalitterforyou.Thisfoodisforlunch.“就……而言,至于……”That’sallforthisclass.ItistoocoldforSeptemberhere.表示目的,去向:“向,往,去……”ThetrainwillleaveforShanghaiat2o’clock.Let’sgooutforawalk.表示原因:Hewaslateforschoolforthebadweather.表示时间,距离,数量:“计达……”Themanhasbeenherforalongtime.WehavestudiesinWunXuMiddleSchoolforthreeyears.16from:表示起点来源:从……,从……起,从……来ThisscientistisfromBeijing.HowfaritfromheretoGuilin?Theletterisfrommybrother.17in:在……里表示地点:场所:“在……里,在……上”Iliveinschool.Thereisabookinhishand.表示状态:情况,境遇,服饰等“处于……之中”Sheisinredtoday.(Sheiswearingredclothestoday.)Irarqwasinwarthreeyearsago.表示时间:在……期间,在……以后,在……以内Iwillbebackintwodays.Youmustfinishtheworkintwodays.Afterthreeyears,hewenttoPariswithhisfamily.“in+段时间”:以当前时间为起点多长时间之后(现在将来)“after+段时间”:以过去某时间为起点多长时间之后(过去将来)表示范围,领域:在……方面,在……之内IamweakinEnglishandMath.表示方式:以……,用……SayitinEnglish,please.Iwilltakeyouthereinmycar.18.into表示动作方向“到……里”Hefellintotheriver.Thechildrenwentintotheclassroomandbegantheirclass.表示变化状态:成为,转入,变成……ChangethesentencesintoEnglish,please.Therainturnedintosnowquickly.19.like:像……(注意与行为动词用法区别)Helooks(is)likehisbrotherverymuch.他很象他的兄弟。Helikeshisparentsverymuch他非常爱他的父母。20.near表示时间,空间:靠近……,在……旁边,快要……Tomissittingnearthewindow.Heisneartwenty.21.of:原始概念为:“属于,来源,构成”等表示从属关系:“……的”,“关于……的”Thisisamapoftheworld.Thewalloftheroomwillbepaintedagaintomorrow.Thecoverofthebookisgreen.表示同位关系:thecityofGuangzhouthemonthofMay22.off表示距离:从……离开(脱离,去掉),与……隔离takeoff/putoffsetoff/hurryoff/Keepoffthegrass!23.on表示地点:在……上(与……向接触)Theclockisonthewall.Onthefloorisafootball.表示时间:在……(某日,星期,节日,某日的或特定的早上、上午,下午,晚上)onMonday/onMayDay/ChristmasOnasunnymorning,oursportsmeetingbegan.引申意义:从事于……,处于……情况之中Heisondutytoday.Wewerestillonourschooltriplastweek.MyunclehasgonetoNewZealandonbusiness.表示关系:论及……,关于……on“关于……”(科学性、学术性的问题或内容)about“关于……”(一般的事物)Theprofessorwillgiveusatalkoncomputertechnologythisafternoon.24.over表示地点:在……正上方,在……上面(不接触)Theskyisoverourhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.引申意义:遍及(复习、检查)……,从头到尾,到处TheGreatWallisfamousallovertheworld.(lookover/goover)25.past表示动作方向:从……旁边经过Ialwayswalkedpastthebeautifullakeonmywaytoschool.表示时间、年龄数量、程度、行动范围、能力等“超过……,越过……”Heisaboypasttwelve.Tenpastnine(9:10)26.round和around(意义基本一致)表示动作方向,趋向:围绕着,绕着……,向……四周Theearthtravelsaround/roundthesun.Weshowedthevisitoraround/roundtheschoolyard.Weshowedthevisitoraroundintheschoolyard.(around是副词)表示地点:在……周围,在……附近,在各处Hetookalookaroundhimandstoodtherecalmly.27.trough表示空间:穿过,通过,贯穿Therivergoesthroughthetownfromeasttowest.Theroadthroughthefieldsleadstoachurch.Lookinthroughthewindow!表示时间:从……开始到结束,从头到尾Theyworkedthroughthenight.Thegirlcouldn’tsitthroughthelongmeeting.表示方式,手段原因等:经…….,由于……,以……,通过……WecanlearnEnglishthroughaTVoracomputer.注意区分through和across:through表示从物体内部、中间通过、经过。across表示从物体表面通过、经过。28.to表示动作方向:到,向,往……Iamgoingtothezoo.P
本文标题:常用介词的原始概念及引申意义
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