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--1GuidelinesofCriticalCareProductKnowledgeRequirementPart1AnatomyandPhysiology第一部分解剖和生理一.VascularAnatomy血管解剖Objectives目标1.Describethepurposeofthevascularsystem描述血管系统的用途2.Identifythemainstructuresofthethoraciccavity识别胸腔的主要结构3.Identifythefollowingarteriesandveinsinthethoraciccavity:识别在胸腔中的以下动脉和静脉ArteryVein动脉静脉-aorticarch主动脉弓-inferiorvenacava上腔静脉-ascendingaorta升主动脉-superiorvenacava下腔静脉-descendingthoracicaorta降主动脉-brachiocephalic(innominate)头臂动脉(无名动脉)-leftmaincoronary左主冠脉-leftsubclavian左锁骨下动脉-pulmonary肺动脉-rightcoronary右冠脉-rightsubclavian右锁骨下动脉4.Identifythefollowingarteriesandveinsinthevascularsystem:识别以下的血管系统的动脉和静脉ArteryVein动脉静脉-brachial臂动脉-brachial臂静脉-femoral股动脉-femoral股静脉-iliac髂动脉-iliac髂静脉-popliteal腘动脉-popliteal腘静脉-renalarteries肾动脉-renalveins肾静脉-abdominalaorta腹主动脉-axillary腋静脉-descendingthoracicaorta降主动脉-cephalic头静脉-externalcarotid颈外动脉-externaljugular颈外静脉-internalcarotid颈内动脉-internaljugular颈内静脉-leftcommoncarotid左颈总动脉-saphenous大隐静脉-radial桡动脉-subclavian锁骨下静脉-posteriortibial胫后动脉-ulnarartery尺动脉-vertebral椎动脉-dorsalispedis足背动脉--2二.CardiacAnatomy心脏解剖Objectives目标1.Describethepurposeoftheheart描述心脏的用途2.Identifythefollowingstructuresinthethoraciccavity:识别胸腔内的以下结构:-rightatrium右心房-leftatrium左心房-rightventricle右心室-leftventricle左心室-apexoftheheart心尖-pericardium心包3.Identifythefollowingstructuresonacross-sectionoftheheart:识别以下的心脏横截面结构:-rightatrium右心房-mitralvalve二尖瓣-leftatrium左心房-tricuspidvalve三尖瓣-rightventricle右心室-chordaetendineae腱索-leftventricle左心室-papillarymuscles乳突肌-pulmonaryvalve肺动脉瓣-interventricularseptum室间膈-aorticvalve主动脉瓣4.Identifytheanatomicalfunctionsofthefollowingstructures:识别以下结构的解剖功能-rightatrium右心房-aorticvalve主动脉瓣-leftatrium左心房-mitralvalve二尖瓣-rightventricle右心室-tricuspidvalve三尖瓣-leftventricle左心室-chordaetendineae腱索-pulmonaryvalve肺动脉瓣-papillarymuscles乳突肌三.CardiacCycle心动周期Objectives目标1.ExplainhowthecardiaccyclerelatestotheECGandhemodynamicwaveform解释心动周期和心电图以及血流动力学波形是如何相关的2.Identifythephasesofthecardiaccycle识别心动周期的各个阶段3.Describewhatishappeningduringeachphaseofthecardiaccycle描述在每个心动周期阶段中发生什么四.DeterminantsofCardiacOutput心排量决定因素Objectives:目标1.Define定义--3-preload前负荷-afterload后负荷-contractility心肌收缩力-cardiacoutput心排量-cardiacindex心排指数-strokevolume每搏量-strokevolumeindex每搏指数-systemicvascularresistance体循环阻力-pulmonaryvascularresistance肺循环阻力-leftventricularstrokeworkindex左心室每搏功指数-rightventricularstrokeworkindex右心室每搏指数-myocardialoxygensupply心肌氧供应-myocardialoxygendemand心肌氧需求2.Identifythefactorsthataffect识别影响以下内容的因素-preload前负荷-afterload后负荷-contractility心肌收缩力-myocardialoxygensupply心肌氧供应-myocardialoxygendemand心肌氧需求Part2PRESSUREMONITORING第二部分压力监测一.ClinicalFundamentals临床基本知识1.ComponentsofPressureMonitoringSystems压力监测系统的组成ElectricalSystem电子系统Plumbing/FluidSystem冲刷/液体系统Continuousflushdevice连续冲刷装置Pressuretransducer压力传感器Pressurebag压力包IVsolution(withorwithoutheparin)静脉输注液体(含或不含肝素)2.Equipmentset-up系统设置Setpressurescaleinmonitoringsystem在监护系统上设置压力刻度Assemblesystemandflushsystemwithsolution装配系统并用液体冲刷系统Setpressurebagto300mmHg将压力包加压到300mmHgZeroingandreferencingthecatheter-tubing-transducersystem调零并定位导管-管路-传感器系统3.Interferencewithinthesystem--4系统内部的干扰Dynamicresponse动力学反应Frequencyresponse固有频率Damping衰减Squarewaveformresponse方波测试4.MaintenanceofSystem系统维护Issueswithfrequencyofzeroing调零的频率问题Maintainpressure(300mmHg)withinpressurebag维持压力包内的压力(300mmHg)Drawingbloodsamples抽取血液样品5.WheretotakeReadingsofPressureMeasurements在何处读取压力监测的读数Effectsofrespiration(inhalation/exhalation)呼吸的影响(吸气/呼气)Readingsbesttakenatend-expiration最好在呼气末期读取读数-SpontaneousBreathing自发呼吸-MechanicalVentilation机械通气6.ProblemsthatMayBeEncountered–Troubleshooting可能遇到的问题――故障排除Dampedwaveform衰减波形Abnormallylowornegativepressures不正常的低压或者负压Inabilitytowedge无法契入Falsehighpressurereadings错误的高压力读数OverwedgingofPAWpressuretracing过度契入的肺动脉契压波形Catheterwhip导管漂移Inabilitytoflush/drawblood无法冲刷/抽血7.ArterialPressureMonitoring动脉压力监测Purpose目的Sites位点Waveform波形Complications并发症8.Bloodperforms2mainfunctionswhilecirculatingtheBody血液在体内循环时的2个主要功能9.Factorsthatcontrolbloodpressure控制血压的因素Increased/decreasedheartrate心率增加/降低Heartpumpingtoomuch/toolittleblood心脏泵血过多/过少--5Someorgansarebypassed,i.eshockoraftermeals某些器官分流,比如,休克或者进餐后Thickeningofarteries动脉增厚Constrictionofarteries动脉收缩10.TypicalPressuresandValues典型的压力和数值RightHeartEmptyingpressure右心排空压力LeftHeartFillingPressure左心充盈压PulmonaryArteryPressure肺动脉压PAOP/PAWP肺动脉阻断压/契压RightHeartFillingPressure右心充盈压LeftHeartEmptyingPressure左心排空压力CentralVenousPressure中心静脉压ArterialPressure动脉压11.Whymeasurepressures?为什么测定压力?12.Whichproductsaretraditionallyusedtoaccessthesepressuremeasurements?在测定上述压力时应用的传统产品是什么?Part4HemodynamicMonitoring第四部分血流动力学监测1.Thegoalofthehemodynamicmonitoring血流动力学监测的目标2.Thepurposeofhemodynamicmonitoring血流动力学监测的目的Prevention预防Diagnosis诊断Management管理3.CardiacOutput心排量Definition定义Formula公式NormalCardiacOutput正常心排量4.CardiacIndex心排指数Definition定义Normal正常值Impactofheartrate心率的影响Bradyarrhythmias--6TachyarrhythmiasStrokeVolume每搏量Definition定义Determinants决定因素Preload前负荷Afterload后负荷Contractility收缩力5.ControversiessurroundingtheuseofthePulmonaryArt
本文标题:重症监护产品知识概要指南
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