英语语法虚拟语气用法

条件句条件句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在情况过去情况将来情况虚拟语气用法If+主语+过去式主语+would+vif+主语+hadppＳ.+would+haveppIf+s.+过去式If+s.+should+vIf+s.+wereto+vs.+should+v1.Muchlaborwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____before.A.hadinventedB.shouldhavebeeninventedC.wereinventedD.hadbeeninvented2.Ifonlyyou__himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didn'ttoldBhadn'ttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottold3.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe___ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot5.Ifmyfather_herenow,he_tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldBwere,willC.is,wouldDis,will6.IfI_abee,I_workmuchharder.A.were,wouldB.were,shallChad,willD.have,should7.IfI_you,I_dothat.A.was,wouldn’tB.were,wouldn’tC.am,won’tD.were,won’t8.It’squiteimpossiblethatitwillraintomorrow.Butifit___,Iwouldstillgotothepark.A.shouldrainB.wouldrainC.rainedDhadrained9.__tomorrow,whatshouldwedo?AIfitrainsB.ShoulditrainC.WoulditrainD.Wereitraining10.He_learnmorequicklyifhe_harder.A.will,workB.would,workedC.would,workD.will,worked11.Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI__,Iwouldtryagain.A.shouldfailB.wouldfailCfailedD.hadfailed12.IfI_muchmoney,I_buyahouse.A.have,willB.had,shouldC.had,willDhave,should*1)“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：如果“if”从句中含有“were,had”或“should”时，则可省略连词“if”，而把“were,had”或“should”移至主语之前。1)WereIyou(=ifIwereyou),Iwould….2)Hadtheynotcomelasttime(=Iftheyhadnotcomelasttime),wewouldhavedone….3)Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),shewould…1.动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在动词suggest,insist,order,command,require,request,demand等后面的宾语从句中，动词形式一般用“should+动词原形，或省略should用动词原形，以表示建议，劝说，命令，要求的语气;在It’ssuggested/ordered/required/demanded/decided/necessary/important/strange/vital等结构的主语从句中，或suggestion,order,idea等词的同位语从句和表语从句中，也应用should+动词原形，或省略should，以适合于说话人所表示的建议或要求，命令的语气。如It'snecessary/importantthateverypartymember(should)taketheleadandworkwell.2.虚拟语气的特殊动词，词组，句形。1)abouttimeshouldvIt’s+time+that+主语＋hightimev-ed2)Whatif….?--Hewouldgotoseeyou.---___hedidnotcome?A.WhatifB.WhereifC.WhatcomeD.whywhether3.“wish”的宾语从句中V-ed….表现在wish+主语（宾从中主语）+had+过去分词表过去could/would/might+V.表将来4.asif,asthough表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气例Theylookratherpuzzled,asif/thoughtheydidn’tknow.Youlookasif/thoughyouhadseenaghost.Heisveryhappyasif/thoughhecouldwinthegame.5.wouldrather在虚拟语气中的用法V-ed表现在或将来wouldrather+主语(从句中)+had+过去分词表过去6.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).7.有时if条件句借助于otherwise,or,but,butfor要不是；如果没有,without,butthat要不是；若非,unless,solongas,incase,onconditionthat如果,suppose,supposingthat,provided,providedthat等词表达出来,同样还要用虚拟语气.1)Wemightdiewithoutyourhelp.2)IhadmyhaircutoffandsolditbecauseIcouldn’thavelivedthroughChristmaswithoutgivingyouapresent.3)IwasbusylastweekotherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.4)Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney,butIwassopoorthen.5)Iwillgoprovidedthat/providing/providingthatyougotoo.6)I’llcookplentyofpotatoesjustincasetheydecidetostayfordinner.8.一些固定词组中也含有虚语.如,GodsavetheKing/QueenLonglive…,Mayyousucceed等.9.在一些非常正式的语言中(如法律文献),在if和whatever后面有时用be.Ifanypersonbefoundguilty,……whateverbethereason…1.Iadvisedthatsister___atherdeskallday.A.mustn’tBnotreadCdoesn’treadDneedn’tread2.ThesituationrequiredthatChina__itsdoortotheoutsideworld.A.mustopenB.shouldopenC.havetoopenD.hastoopen3.I__youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday.Iwasshortofmoneyatthattime.A.musthavebroughtB.wouldhaveboughtC.hadboughtD.wouldbuy4.--Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?--Iwishhe__________.A.hadB.didC.wouldD.should5.___hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.WouldB.ShouldC.ShallD.If6.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_enoughfoodonthetrip.A.hadbetterbringBwouldbringCbroughtDbring7.Shedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou__him.A.hadseenB.mighthaveseenC.weretoseeD.wouldsee9.__you__lastWednesday,youmightknowitwell.A.Were,tocomeB.If,cameC.Had,comeD.Did,come10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI__thesportsmeet.A.wouldhavetakenpartinBtookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin11.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe__afewbooksonworldhistory.A.didn’treadB.wouldn’treadC.haven’treadD.hadn’tread12.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken13.Weshouldhavearrivedsoonerbutwe__aflattyre.A.hadB.wouldC.hasnotD.has14.---Whydidn’tyouhelphim?---Iwouldhave__Ididn’thavethemoney.A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or15.Iwouldrathershe__withherfriendsthatalone.A.travelontrainB.traveledbytrainC.travelsbytrainD.travellingbythetrain16.IwouldhaveinvitedhertothepartybutI__herwell.A.don'tknowB.didn’tknowC.hadn’tknownD.haven’tknown17.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking__inthelibrary.A.wasallowedB.beallowedC.wouldbeallowedD.hadbeenallowed18.Wouldyouhavestayedwithher___?A.hadsheaskedB.ifsheaskedC.ifsheshouldaskD.shouldsheask19.__here,hewouldattendthelecture.A.HadhebeenB.HewereCWereheDWashe20.Withoutelectricity,what___?AwilltheworldbelikeB.wouldtheworldbelikeC.theworldwouldbelikeD.theworldwillbelike