单项选择题做题方法、常见陷阱及解题技巧

单项选择题做题方法、常见陷阱及解题技巧一、常用方法1、直接选定法。即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出答案的解题方法。如:1)-Whatareyougoingtodo,Jane?-Oh,mymotherasksme____somefoodforsupper.AbuyBtobuyCbuysDbuying2)Wehaveworkedforthreehours.Nowlet’sstop____arest.AhadBhaveCtohaveDhaving3)Thisisabigclassand____ofthestudentsaregirls.AtwothirdBsecondthreeCtwothirdsDtwothree4)–I’vehadenoughbread,wouldyoulike______.AafewmoreBonemoreCanothermoreDsomemore5)Hehasfailedseveraltimes,buthewon’t____AgoonBcomeonCgetupDgiveup（BCCDD）此法主要用于较简单的试题，但必须要求对基本知识点，语法点熟练掌握。2、关键词暗示法。题目中的关键词对于快速而准确的判定答案起着至关重要的作用，找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。如:Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,______?A.doesn'theB.didn'theC.didheD.doeshe该题中“hardly”与“hurt”是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有“hardly”,“never”，“little”，“few”等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而“hurt”一词的过去式与原形相同，此处“hurt”未加“s”，应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。1）HehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore,______?AhasheBhasn’theCdidheDdoeshe2)-Whatdidyousee,Mary?Isawalotoftreeson_____ofthelake.AeithersideBallsidesCbothsidesDothersides3)WehavegottwoTVset,but_____workswell.AanyBbothCneitherDeither4)It___tenyearssincewelast____inBeijing.Awas,metBhasbeen,metCwas,meetDis,meet（ABCB）3、类推比较法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而将AB予以否定，如：Thefactory_____Iworkedlastyearisnotfarfromhere.A.thatB.towhichC.whereD.which仔细分析备选答案就可发现：A、D选项都是“代先行词是物的”。若A是对的，那么D也会是对的。C选项“where”指的是先行词在从句中做地点状语，故只有C是正确的。1)Who’sthewomanoverthere?–Sheisa____AteacherBafriendofmineCafamousactressDfourteenyearsold2)CouldyoutellmewhenTom_______here？AgottoBarrivedinCreachedDreachedto（BC）4、前后照应法解题时，为了透彻理解，要联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。如：---Heisn'tateacher,ishe?---______.Heworksinahospital.A.Yes,heisB.No,heisn'tC.Yes,Heisn'tD.No,heis本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答，我们知道“他”的身份不是教师；否定反意疑问句回答中的Yes其实际含义为“不”，No的实际含义为“是”。因此应选择的是B。1）-Whichwouldyoulike,coffeeormilk?-____,Ijustwanttohavesomehotwater.AEitherBBothCNeitherDAll2）-Tomdidn’tgotoschoothismorning,didn’the?-______,thoughhedidn’tfeelwell.AYes,hedidBNo,hedidCYes,hedidn’tDNo,hedidn’t（CA）5、逐个排除法根据题干提供的信息，将干扰答案和错误答案逐个排除，缩小选题范围，然后将剩余的填入空白处进行检查，确定是否正确，如：1)Couldyoutellme_____?AwhoisthatmanBhowmuchitcoststoflytoBeijingCwhyishecryingsosadlyDwhetherhashearrived2)Remember,boysandgirls___youwork,__resultyouwillget.AThebetter,theharderBTheharder,thebetterCThehard,thebetterDTheharder,thegood3)Iusuallyhavemilkandbreadforsupper.-______.ASohaveIBSodoICIhavetoDIdoso4)Iaskedyou______next。AwhatshallwedoBweshoulddowhatCwhatshouldwedoDwhatweshoulddo5)Couldyoutellme___?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.AwhereisTomBwhereTomisCwhereTomisDwhereTomwas（BBBDC）6、语言情景法根据交际用语的习惯搭配，联系上下文直接解题，如：-Wouldyoupleasespeak______,Tom?-ButIhaveto,Mum.There'ssomethingwrongontheline.A.quicklyB.slowlyC.quietlyD.loudly根据回答，汤姆说电话线路有问题。因此，妈妈抱怨他讲电话声音太响了，因此选C是最佳答案。1）-Yourdresslooksreallynice.-_____ANotatallBThanksCNotnicerthanyoursDDon’tsayso2)–Couldyouhelpmecarrytheheavybox.-_______.AMypleasureBYouarerightCDon’tworryDwithpleasure3)-Ilostmybikeyesterday.-______AWhodiditBI’msorrytohearthatCNevermindDDon’tworry,youcanbuyanotherone.4）-Don’tsteponthegrass.-______AIsthatso?BDon’tworry.CIdon’tknow.DSorry,Iwon’t.5)-WouldyoumindifIsithere？-______,it’sforMr.Brown.ANotatallBNevermindCBetternotDOfcoursenot（BDBDC）在做此种类型的要求我们必须了解中西方文化差异，避免受中国传统习俗的影响，还用认真审题弄清对话所给的情景。二、常见陷阱及解题技巧单项选择题考查学生准确而灵活的运用语法知识的能力和在语境中进行交际的能力，因此，答题时同学们不应死板硬套，而是应该随机应变，灵活作答。以下是常见的陷阱类型。陷阱一：利用固定词语或固定搭配干扰选项。如1）Thereisalot___vegegtablesinthesupermarketthisweekthanlastweek.AofBmanyCmuchDmore2)-Wouldyoulikesometea?–Yes,Iprepertea____sugar.AtoBforCwithDof（DC）陷阱二：省略句子成分，干扰选项。如：1）-Whatdoyouthinkmadethelittlegirlsohappy?-______anewdress.ABecausesheboughtBBuyingCBecauseofbuyingDAsshebought2)-Whatareonshowinthemuseum?–Somepicturs_____byTomlastweekAtookBweretakenCtakenDaretaken3）Thedoctordidwhathecould______thechild.AsaveBsavesCtosaveDsaving（BCC）陷阱三：套用某种句型，干扰固定搭配。如：1)Whenhewenttoseethedoctor,hewastoldnotonly_____tobedearly,butalso_____moreexercises.Ago,doBgoing,doingCtogo,todoDwent,did（C）2)ThedayIamlookingforwardto_____trueatlast.AcomingBcomeCcameDwillcome（C）3)Milkisgood______children.AatBinCforDabout（C）陷阱四：利用汉语思维，干扰选项。如：1)Thepriceofgoldis____thanbefore.AexpensiveBmoreexpensiveChighDhigher.2)Chinahas_____populationintheworld.AthemostBtheleastCthelargestDthesmallest(DC)陷阱五：导致时态误用，干扰选项。如：1）Idon’tknowifhe_____here,Iwiltellyouifhe_____.Acomes,comesBwillcome,comesCcomes,willcomeDwillcome,willcome2)Wewillhaveameetingassoonashe______.AreachesBwillarriveCarrivesDwillreach3)Youcan’tpassthetestnexttermunlessyou____hard.AwillstudyBstudyChasstudiedDarestudying4)-Mum,whenallwegoout?-Aslongasyourhomework____AwillfinishBhasfinishedCisfinishedDwillbefinished.(BCBC)陷阱六：混用相似句型句式，干扰选项。如：1）Shanghaiislargerthan____cityinIndia.AanyotherBtheotherCanyDthe2)Sheused____uplate,butnowheisused____upearlyAtoget,togetBtoget,togettingCtogetting,togettingDtogetting,toget(CB)陷阱七：知识记忆缺陷，干扰选项。如：1）Thereis____“u”and____“s”intheword“bus”.Aa,anBan,anCan,aDa,a2)Ilikethesilkdress,andit______softandcomfortable.AfeelsBisfeltCisfeelingDhasfelt3)Thisis___songItoldyoutolistento.Isn’tit__beautifulone?Athe,theBthe,aCa,theDa,a4)Hetoldusthatthesun_____