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FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology1第五章检测电路设计5.1信号调理电路5.2信号变换技术5.3噪声及干扰抑制技术6学时FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology25.1信号调理电路5.1.1放大电路1、几个基本概念等效电路共模电压、差模电压(常模电压)差模放大倍数、共模放大倍数共模抑制比FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology35.1.1放大电路(续)2、集成运算放大器3、比例放大电路121URARFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology45.1.1放大电路(续)1fURAROfSuRiFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology55.1.1放大电路(续)112122()OSRRuuuuRR4、仪用放大电路1122(1)OUIIguRAuuRFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology65.1.2滤波电路1、基本概念通带增益A0谐振频率f0、截至频率fp频带宽度BW品质因素Q、阻尼系数ξFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology75.1.2滤波电路(续)2、无源滤波器和有源滤波器101()(1)1fRARj0011(1)pfRCRARFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology85.1.2滤波电路(续)3、二阶RC有源低通滤波器0200()1AAjj0121212221101212001(1)1fRRCCRCRCRCARRCCRARFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology95.1.2滤波电路(续)3、二阶RC有源低通滤波器0200()1AAjj02312122313211233011RRCCRRRRRRCCRRRRARFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology105.1.2滤波电路(续)4、其它有源滤波器的设计FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology115.1.3调制与解调电路1、调制信号FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology125.1.3调制与解调电路(续)2、解调电路2sinsin1cos222dmcccuutxtxxtFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology135.2信号变换技术5.2.1测量电桥1、基本概念特点:灵敏度高线性好测量范围宽容易实现温度补偿分类:直流电桥交流电桥电阻应变式测力称重传感器电感式、差动变压器式、电容式传感器24131234()()OSZZZZuuZZZZFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology145.2.1测量电桥(续)123424131234(1)(1),(1)()()2(2)4OSSSZZZZZZZZZZuuuuZZZZ1234(2)(1),(1),2OSZZZZZZZuu132422(3)(1),(1),2(2)2OSSZZZZZZZuuu12342(4)(1),(1),(1),332(2)4OSSZZZZZZZZuuu1234(5)(1),(1),(1),(1)OSZZZZZZZZuu(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology155.2.1测量电桥(续)2、电桥放大器11112(2)4ffOSSRRRRuuuRR电源浮置的电桥放大器1122112(2)4OSSRRuuuRR差分输入式电桥放大器FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology165.2.2电压-电流转换为了减少长线传输过程中线路电阻和负载电阻的影响,可以将直流电压变换成直流电流后进行传输。信号制式:被测量电压→4~20mA。21IOfRuiRRFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology175.2.3电压-频率转换电压-频率转换将模拟输入电压转换成与之成正比的振荡频率。可提高信号传输的抗干扰能力,还可节省系统接口资源。0IREFufRItFundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology185.2.4模拟-数字转换1、采样与量化FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology195.2.4模拟-数字转换(续)2、双积分式A/D转换FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology205.2.4模拟-数字转换(续)3、逐次比较式A/D转换FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology215.2.4模拟-数字转换(续)3、逐次比较式A/D转换FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology225.2.4模拟-数字转换(续)4、增量调制型A/D转换FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology235.3噪声及干扰抑制技术噪声及干扰的来源:自然界的雷电、无线电发射装置发出的电磁波、生产现场的电弧、高压发电、电火花加工产生的电磁干扰、电源产生的工频干扰等噪声及干扰的危害:降低检测装置的分辨力和灵敏度,或引起放大器饱和而进入非线性区,甚至使整个检测系统工作失常抗干扰措施:1、接地技术2、屏蔽技术3、平衡技术4、调制解调技术5、电源退耦、滤波技术6、隔离技术7、看门狗技术FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology245.3.1干扰的传播途径1、静电耦合2、电磁耦合FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology255.3.1干扰的传播途径(续)3、电磁辐射4、共阻抗耦合FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology265.3.2屏蔽技术FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology275.2.3接地技术1、采样与量化FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology285.2.3接地技术(续)1、采样与量化FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology295.2.4驱动技术1、采样与量化FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology30FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology31FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology32FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology33FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology34FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology35FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology36FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology37FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology38FundamentalsofTest&MeasurementTechnology39
本文标题:检测电路设计
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