您好,欢迎访问三七文档
LogicFallacies•AdMisericordiam文不对题•FalseAnalogy错误类比•HypothesisContrarytoFact•与事实相反的假设•PoisoningtheWell井下投毒•Definition:•Thethemeisinconsistent,thecontentisirrelevant.5.AdMisericordiam(文不对题)•Examples:•“Hewaslatetotheclasstoday.”“Becausehewasscoldedbyhismotheryesterday.”•“Haveyouhadlunch?”“Igotuplatethismorning,andunfortunatelyIfelldownfrommybikewhenridingtoschool.”5.AdMisericordiam(文不对题)5.AdMisericordiam(文不对题)•Examples:Maybeheisn’tqualifiedenoughforthisjob,butthinkabouthisrelationships,hisuncleisthemayor,andhisfatheristhechairmanofthecompanywhichhassteadybusinessrelationswithus.6.Falseanalogy(错误类比)•Definition:•Manyargumentsrelyonananalogybetweentwoormoreobjects,ideas,orsituations.Ifthethingsthatarebeingcomparedaren'treallyalikeintherelevantrespects,theanalogyisaweakone.6.Falseanalogy(错误类比)•Exmples•Mindandrivers,canbebothbroad.Itisaknownfactthatthebroadertheriver,theshalloweritis.Therefore,itmustbetruethatthebroaderthemindis,theshalloweritis.•Employeesandnailsarethesame.Asitisnecessarytohitnailsontheheadinordertomakethemwork,thesamemustbedonewithemployees.6.FalseAnalogy(错误类比)•Exmples:•Youngchildrenarelikeflowers---flowersshouldstayawayfromterribleweathertogrow,sochildrenneedtogetridofeverythingnegative.7.Hypothesiscontrarytofact(与事实相反的假设)•Definition:•Thehypothesisiscontradictorytothereality•Exmples:•IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthetest.7.Hypothesiscontrarytofact(与事实相反的假设)•Examples:•IfTVwerenotinvented,todaypeoplewouldneverhavesuchwonderfulentertainmentbroughtbyTV.•Ifthegunpowderhadn’tbeeninvented,therewouldn’thavebeensomanywarsintheworld.8.PoisoningtheWell(井里下毒)•Definition:•PoisoningtheWell,orspeaking“againsttheman”,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonaperson,insteadofofferingreasonstoshowwhywhathesaysisfalse.•PoisoningtheWellisaspecialcaseofargumentumadhominem(人生攻击)8.PoisoningtheWell(井里下毒)•Examples•Don’tlistentoanywordfromhim,forheisamostshamefulcheateraroundtheworld.•Thedefendantkilledthevictimcruelly,IsuggestLordsentencehimguilty.Exercises1)Whentheinterviewerasksthejob-huntertomakeabriefself-introduction,herepliesthathehastofindajobtoaffordhisoldparentsandyoungchildrenwhoarenowsufferingfromhunger.(AdMisericordiam)(文不对题)2)Wecantakebooksandfoodinthetrain,thenshouldn’twetakeabombwithusinthetrain?(FalseAnalogy)(错误类比)3)WhenthenewteacheraskedPetertoanswerthequestion,Tomrosetohisfeetandsaid:“Peterisadunce,heknowsnothingaboutwhatyouaretalkingabout.”(PoisoningtheWell)(井下投毒)4)HowcouldyouhavepassedtheexamwhatifIhadn’ttoldyoutheanswerinadvance?(HypothesisContrarytoFact)(与事实相反的假设)5)SincewehavemooncakesintheMoonFestival,whydon’twehavespringcakesintheSpringFestival?needtogetridofeverythingnegative.(FalseAnalogy)(错误类比)
本文标题:逻辑谬误
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5025166 .html