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名词和主谓一致主谓一致1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语就用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语就用复数形式例如:JaneandMaryarealike.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis3500.2.意义上的一致1)主语虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语用复数例如:Thepeoplearewaitingforthebus.单数形式代表复数意义的词有:people,police,cattle2)主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,谓语用单数例如:Thenewswasveryexciting.形复意单的词有:news,works(工厂)和一些-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等3.就近原则就是谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语如连词or,either…or,neither…nor.notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语例如:Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______thefilm.(like)likesEitheryoursisteroryourfriends______it.(know)know4.应注意的几个问题A)名词作主语1)某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中的一个个成员个体而言,谓语动词用复数形式例如:Hisfamilyisverylarge.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV这类词有:audience,class,club,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,public,team,party……另外,population这个词使用情况类似85percentofthepopulationinChinaarepeasants.ThepopulationofChinaislarge.“agroup/crowdof+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也是既可用单数,也可用复数前者强调整体;后者强调个体2)某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待谓语动词必须用复数Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.ThepeopleinChinaarelivingahappylife.3)单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数Thesheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.4)当名词词组的中心词为表示度量衡、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些名词看所一个整体,谓语用单数。Threeyearshaspassed.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBaiwaspublishedlongago.20,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney.5)不定代each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,位于动词仍用单数形式Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinthefuture.6)如果主语有morethanone或manya构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.但是“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.7)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等,但是如果主语用akindof,apairof等加名词构成时,谓语一般用单数Herclothesarefitherwell.Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8)thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind谓语用单数。thiskindofmen=menofthiskind单数复数“allkindsof+复数名词”谓语动词用复数Thiskindofman____dangerous.Menofthiskind____dangerous.isare9)复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语时,按照意义一致的原则。如works,species,Chinese,Japanese,means等This/Theglassworks______setupin1999.wasTheseglassworks_____neartheriver.are当它们前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数10)如果all,most,half,rest修饰不可数名词时,谓语用单数;如修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数Allofmyclassmates______hard.(study)studyAllofthemilk_________foryou.(leave)isleft11)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Betweenthetworooms________apicture.(hang)hangsB)由连接词连接的名词作主语12)用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式Bothwalkingandriding_____goodexercises.are但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后的名词无冠词Truthandhonesty____thebestpolicy.(be)isHisteacherandfriend____adoctor.(be)is13)当主语后面有aswellas,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto,ratherthan,like,alongwith等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数依主语而定Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.Mr.Smith,togetherwithhisthreechildrenisgoingtocometothisparty.14)以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则EitheryouorI_____togo.(be)amNeitheryounorInoranybodyelse_____anythingaboutit.(know)knowsC)代词作主语15)名词型物主代词连接的动词,既可用单数也可用复数,取决于它所代替的名词的单复数Yourshoesblack,whileminearebrown.16)such,thesame起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指代的内容来决定单复数Such___ourplan./Such_____hiswords.isare17)关系代词who,which,that等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.Hespentthemoneythatisgivenbyhismotheronbooks.18)疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所表达的意思来决定单复数---Wholivesinthenextdoor?---It’sTom---Wholiveinthenextdoor?---It’sTomandJack.Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?19)不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:①单独作主语时,视其在句中的意义,可用单数也可用复数Allarepresentnow.Nowallhaschanged.②但是与of连用,若of后的宾语是单数,动词用单数;但是如果后的宾语是复数,则单复数谓语动词都可以,单数更常见Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?Noneofmyfriendssmoke(s).D)分数、量词作主语20)“分数/百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aquantityof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后的名词的数保持一致。这是因为短语后的词是中心词,前面的量词是修饰语Aboutthree-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth_________withwater.(cover)iscoveredThree-fifthsoftheworkershere___women.(be)are比较anumberof+复数名词与thenumberof+复数名词Anumberofthestudents_________thefilm.(see)haveseenThenumberofthestudentspresent____200.(be)is注意:(large)quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词时,谓语动词常用复数Largequantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.21)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,谓语常用复数Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountofmoneywasspentonthebridge.22)表示数量oneandahalf的后,名词要用复数形式,但是谓语动词用单数Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.23)halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数E)名词化的形容词作主语24)如果主语是“the+形容词/过去分词”结构担任,位于通常用复数例如theold,theblind,thepoor,therich,thewounded,theblind,theunemployed等,Theblind_____inaspecialschool.(study)study这类形容词如果要表示个体,就要与名词象man,person或表示人的单数连用,如anoldman,thewoundedsoldierThewounded(soldier)were(was)senttohospital.F)从句作主语25)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数;但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语用复数Whatweneed_____moretime.(be)isWhatweneed______doctors.(be)are26)在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式Heisoneoftheexpertswho/that______invited.(be)were但当one前有theonly等修饰时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho______lateforschool
本文标题:2015届高三英语-主谓一致
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