英语-阅读理解--主旨大意题推理判断题

阅读理解第一讲如何做好主旨大意题阅读材料的特点：如何做好中考中的阅读理解呢？1、浏览全文，了解文章大意。注意每一段的第一句和最后一句2、带着问题细读全文，标示细节出处。3、遇到生词，灵活处理。4、检查答案，避免疏漏。能在原文找到答案3%-5%生词词不离句完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点看它是否完全符合题目的要求如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想如何做好主旨大意题？一、主旨大意题（做题要领）1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想。寻找主题句的方法：•1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。•2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。•3.抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词.Example:TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.……AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.……80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_______.A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParisB.internationalflightsfromLondontoParisC.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover主题句出现在段首：在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide(躲藏)underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.……69.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_________.A.HowdangeroustheearthquakeisB.HowtobesafeduringanearthquakeC.Don'tbeafraidoftheearthquake主题句也可能出现在段尾：作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开We’vetalkedaboutsnails(蜗牛)andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells(壳)—sleeping.Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers(触角),areveryweak.Butitssense(感觉)ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.Asnail’smouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin(大头针).Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,andyoucan’tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。本文并没有出现明确的主题句，但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题。InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的）society.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.解题的方法技巧：在一篇短文或一个段落中，主题句的情况有三种：（山东滨州）65.Thepassageiswrittento.A.showyouhowcomputerworksB.introduceaFrenchKitchenC.teachyouhowtocookFrenchfoodD.tellyoutheimportanceoflanguagelearning主题句主旨大意：本文主要是介绍“会说话的厨房”。这是一款法语数字厨房，该厨房可以在教使用者做饭的同时教授法语。选BManypeoplebelievethatlifehassmiledtoYangMi:attheageof4,shegotherfirstTVplayrole;at16,shebecameamodelforafashionmagazine;at18,shewenttoherdreamcollege—BeijingFilmAcademy.Lastyear,the24-year-oldactressplayedabadgirlLuoQingchuaninthetime-travellingTVplay,Palace.TheplaybecameabigsuccessandmadeYangveryfamous.Couldshebeanyluckier?Yangdoesn’tthinkluckhadanythingtodowithhersuccess.“Everychanceisgained（获得）fromtheeffortsI’vemade,”saidYang.Peoplenowthinkshe’sveryhard-working.Shestillremembersthetimewhenpeoplegaveherthecoldeyes…….Attheageof79ShebecametheambassadorfortheClimateGroup.YangMiissuccessfulnowbecauseshe80.80.【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知：杨幂的成功是通过努力的工作。is(very)hard-working/works(very)hard/makesefforts/hasmadeefforts主题句（河南中考）55.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?主题句（篇尾）Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balanced（平衡的）personality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.You’reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelworried,butyoudon’toftengetunhappy.Youalwayssaywhatyouthink,evenifitmakespeopleangry.主题句主题句（第三段）Ifyousleeponyourstomach,youareapersonwholikestokeepsecrets.Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilybecomingsad.Youneverwanttochangeyourideas,butyouaresatisfiedwithyourlifethewayitis.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.（第四段）Ifyousleeponcurledup（蜷缩）,youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.You’reshyandyoudon’tusuallylikemeetingpeople.Youliketobeonyourown.主题句主题句（河北卷）任务型阅读79.找出并写下第三段的主题句：_______________