建筑环境与设备工程(暖通)毕业设计外文翻译

南京工程学院NanjingInstituteOfTechnology毕业设计英文资料翻译TheTranslationOfTheEnglishMaterialOfGraduationDesign学生姓名：学号：000000000Name:Number:000000000班级：K暖通091Class:K-Nuantong091所在学院：康尼学院College:KangniCollege专业：建筑环境与设备工程Profession:BuildingEnvironmentandEquipmentEngineering指导教师：Tutor:2013年02月25日英文：Thermalcomfortinthefuture-ExcellenceandexpectationP.OleFangerandJørnToftumInternationalCentreforIndoorEnvironmentandEnergyTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkAbstractThispaperpredictssometrendsforeseeninthenewcenturyasregardstheindoorenvironmentandthermalcomfort.Onetrenddiscussedisthesearchforexcellence,upgradingpresentstandardsthataimmerelyatan“acceptable”conditionwithasubstantialnumberofdissatisfied.Animportantelementinthisconnectionisindividualthermalcontrol.Asecondtrendistoacknowledgethatelevatedairtemperatureandhumidityhaveastrongnegativeimpactonperceivedairqualityandventilationrequirements.FuturethermalcomfortandIAQstandardsshouldincludetheserelationshipsasabasisfordesign.ThePMVmodelhasbeenvalidatedinthefieldinbuildingswithHVACsystemsthatweresituatedincold,temperateandwarmclimatesandwerestudiedduringbothsummerandwinter.Innon-air-conditionedbuildingsinwarmclimatesoccupantsmaysensethewarmthasbeinglessseverethanthePMVpredicts,duetolowexpectations.AnextensionofthePMVmodelthatincludesanexpectancyfactorisproposedforuseinnon-air-conditionedbuildingsinwarmclimates.TheextendedPMVmodelagreeswellwithfieldstudiesinnon-air-conditionedbuildingsofthreecontinents.Keywords:PMV,Thermalsensation,Individualcontrol,Airquality,AdaptationASearchforExcellencePresentthermalcomfortstandards(CENISO7730,ASHRAE55)acknowledgethatthereareconsiderableindividualdifferencesbetweenpeople’sthermalsensationandtheirdiscomfortcausedbylocaleffects,i.e.byairmovement.Inacollectiveindoorclimate,thestandardsprescribeacompromisethatallowsforasignificantnumberofpeoplefeelingtoowarmortoocool.Theyalsoallowforairvelocitiesthatwillbefeltasadraughtbyasubstantialpercentageoftheoccupants.Inthefuturethiswillinmanycasesbeconsideredasinsufficient.Therewillbeademandforsystemsthatallowallpersonsinaspacetofeelcomfortable.Theobviouswaytoachievethisistomovefromthecollectiveclimatetotheindividuallycontrolledlocalclimate.Inoffices,individualthermalcontrolofeachworkplacewillbecommon.Thesystemshouldallowforindividualcontrolofthegeneralthermalsensationwithoutcausinganydraughtorotherlocaldiscomfort.Asearchforexcellenceinvolvesprovidingallpersonsinaspacewiththemeanstofeelthermallycomfortablewithoutcompromise.ThermalComfortandIAQPresentstandardstreatthermalcomfortandindoorairqualityseparately,indicatingthattheyareindependentofeachother.Recentresearchdocumentsthatthisisnottrue.Theairtemperatureandhumiditycombinedintheenthalpyhaveastrongimpactonperceivedairquality,andperceivedairqualitydeterminestherequiredventilationinventilationstandards.Researchhasshownthatdryandcoolairisperceivedasbeingfreshandpleasantwhilethesamecompositionofairatanelevatedtemperatureandhumidityisperceivedasstaleandstuffy.Duringinhalationitistheconvectiveandevaporativecoolingofthemucousmembraneinthenosethatisessentialforthefreshandpleasantsensation.Warmandhumidairisperceivedasbeingstaleandstuffyduetothelackofnasalcooling.Thismaybeinterpretedasalocalwarmdiscomfortinthenasalcavity.ThePMVmodelisthebasisforexistingthermalcomfortstandards.Itisquiteflexibleandallowsforthedeterminationofawiderangeofairtemperaturesandhumiditiesthatresultinthermalneutralityforthebodyasawhole.Buttheinhaledairwouldbeperceivedasbeingverydifferentwithinthiswiderangeofairtemperaturesandhumidities.Anexample:lightclothingandanelevatedairvelocityorcooledceiling,anairtemperatureof28ºCandarelativehumidityof60%maygivePMV=0,buttheairqualitywouldbeperceivedasstaleandstuffy.Asimultaneousrequestforhighperceivedairqualitywouldrequireanairtemperatureof20-22ºCandamodestairhumidity.ModerateairtemperatureandhumiditydecreasealsoSBSsymptomsandtheventilationrequirement,thussavingenergyduringtheheatingseason.Andevenwithair-conditioningitmaybebeneficialandsaveenergyduringthecoolingseason.PMVmodelandtheadaptivemodelThePMVmodelisbasedonextensiveAmericanandEuropeanexperimentsinvolvingoverathousandsubjectsexposedtowell-controlledenvironments.Thestudiesshowedthatthethermalsensationiscloselyrelatedtothethermalloadontheeffectormechanismsofthehumanthermoregulatorysystem.ThePMVmodelpredictsthethermalsensationasafunctionofactivity,clothingandthefourclassicalthermalenvironmentalparameters.Theadvantageofthisisthatitisaflexibletoolthatincludesallthemajorvariablesinfluencingthermalsensation.ItquantifiestheabsoluteandrelativeimpactofthesesixfactorsandcanthereforebeusedinindoorenvironmentswithwidelydifferingHVACsystemsaswellasfordifferentactivitiesanddifferentclothinghabits.ThePMVmodelhasbeenvalidatedinclimatechamberstudiesinAsiaaswellasinthefield,mostrecentlyinASHRAE’sworldwideresearchinbuildingswithHVACsystemsthatweresituatedincold,temperateandwarmclimatesandwerestudiedduringbothsummerandwinter.ThePMVisdevelopedforsteady-stateconditionsbutithasbeenshowntoapplywithgoodapproximationattherelativel