状语从句

状语从句GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints一、定义：在复合句中起状语作用的从句。二、分类：状语从句分为1.时间状语从句、2.地点状语从句、3.方式状语从句、4.原因状语从句、5.条件状语从句、6.让步状语从句、7.比较状语从句、8.目的状语从句、9.结果状语从句等。状语从句（AdverbialClauses）GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints三、基本用法：状语从句由从属连词引导，可放在句首或句末。如状语从句位于主句前，一般用逗号将其与主句隔开。GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints四、不同状语从句的不同含义及用法：1.时间状语从句概念：提供主句中动作发生时间的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：when，whenever，while，after，before，since，once，eversince(自从)，until，as，till，until，assoonas等。例句：Sheleftschoolwhenshewaseleven.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints注意：☆when，as，while的区别：(1)when和as引导的状语从句中的动作既可以是延续性的也可是非延续性的；while引导的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或状态；(2)当主句和从句的动作均为延续性动作时，一般用while不用when或as；(3)当表示两个同时发展、变化的情况时，一般用as，意思是“随着……”。GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints例句：HewaswatchingTVwhensomebodyknockedatthedoor.ShewaswatchingTVwhileherhusbandwaswashingclothes.Shegetsmoreattractiveasshegetsolder.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆一些可引导时间状语从句的副词和表示时间的名词词组如：instantly，immediately，directly，theday，everytime，theminute，thesecond，themoment等。例句：IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourmessage.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints2.地点状语从句概念：为主句提供地点信息的从句。用法：通常由从属连词where和wherever引导。例句：Putitwherewecanseeit.Let’sgowhereverthispathwilltakeus.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints3.方式状语从句概念：为主句提供有关动作如何发生之类信息的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：as，asif，asthough等。例句：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints注意虚拟语气的使用☆当asif或asthough表示的假设情况是不真实的或不可能的：主句动词是现在时，从句动词常用过去时；例句：Heactsasthoughshedidnotexist.☆主句动词是过去时，从句动词常用过去完成时；例句：Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆从句动词若为be，在任何情况下都用were形式。例句：Sheclosedhereyesasthoughsheweretiredtoo.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints4.原因状语从句概念：讲述主句中动作发生原因的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：because，since，as，for，nowthat，inthat等。例句：Hegotthejobbecausehewasthebestcandidate.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints5.条件状语从句概念：讲述主句中动作发生条件的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：if，unless，so/aslongas，sofaras等。注意：☆虚拟条件句中使用虚拟语气表示非真实的假设例句：IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyouatonce.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆其它引导条件状语从句的词或词组如：providingthat(只要)，providedthat(只要)，onconditionthat(只要)，incase(万一)等例句：You’dbettertakewarmclothesincaseitgetscold.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints6.让步状语从句概念：用于表达“虽然”、“即使”、“不论”等意思的从句。用法：一般由以下从属连词引导：though，although，nomatter＋疑问词(how，when，where，who等)，evenif，eventhough等。注意：☆as引导的特殊形式的让步状语从句(1)补语＋as＋代词和系动词例句：Angryashewas,hehadtosmile.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints(2)副词＋as＋代词和行为动词例句：Hardasshetried,shecouldn’topenthewindow.☆其它引导让步状语从句的词（疑问词词尾加ever）如：whatever(不论什么)，wherever(不论何地)，whenever(不论何时)，whoever(不论是谁)，however(不论怎样)。例句：Comewheneveryoulike.Youhavetogoonwhatevertroubleyoumeet.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints7.比较状语从句概念：表示比较意思的从句。用法：一般由从属连词as…as，so…as，than等引导。例句：Thevillagegardensareasgoodastheyusedtobe.ThereweremorepeopletherethanIexpected.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints8.目的状语从句概念：表达主句中行为发生目的的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：sothat，inorderthat，lest(生怕，以免)，incase(以防)，forfearthat等。注意：☆lest引导的目的状语从句：从句中要用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气。should可省略。例句：Shewentawayfromthewindowlestanyone(should)seethem.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆sothat和inorderthat的用法区别：sothat引导的从句只能置于句末，inorderthat引导的从句既可以置于句首，又可置于句末。例句：I’llwashthisshirtsothatyoucanweartomorrow.Inorderthateverybodymayunderstandit,writeitinsimplelanguage.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints9.结果状语从句概念：表达主句动作结果的从句。用法：通常由以下从属连词引导：sothat，so…that，such…that等。注意：☆so…that和such…that的用法区别：so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。例句：HewalkedsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgothishat.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆sothat既可引导结果状语也可引导目的状语从句。区别：引导目的状语从句时，从句动词前常要用can(could)，may(might)，shall(should)等情态动词，引导结果状语从句时多不用情态动词。例句：Heleftearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.IgotupveryearlysothatIwasintimeforthefirsttrain.I.Studytheunderlinedpartofthefollowingsentencesanddecideonthetypeofadverbialclausesandfillintheblankswithproperconnections.Forsomesentences,theremaybemorethanoneanswer.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句1.Hewrotethenamedown________________heshouldforgetit.2.Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,_____________hedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.forfearthat(lest)sothat(so)原因结果GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句3.Makeamark_______________youhaveanydoubtsorquestions.4.Theprojectwascompletedearlier___________wehadexpected.5.Besuretocallonus________________youcometovisitouruniversity.where(wherever)thannexttime(when)地点比较时间GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句6.______________wedon’tloseheart,wecanfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.7.Much______________Iadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkhehasmadetherightchoice.8.Wecaneat____________________wewanttoeat.Aslongasaswhenever/wherever条件让步时间/地点II.Combineeachpairofthefollowingsentencesbyusingaproperconnectiontoformacompoundsentencewithanadverbialclause.Somecanhavemorethanoneanswer.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句1.Ican’tpaymybills.Ihaven’tgottenmypaycheck(工资支票)yet.Ican’tpaymybillsuntilIgetmypaycheck.Or:Ican’tpaymybillbecauseIhaven’tgottenmypaycheck.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句2.Thetaxiwillgethereinfiveminutesorso.Thenwecanleavefortheairport.3.Igottotheairport.Myplanelefttenminuteslater.Assoonasthetaxigetshere,wecanleavefortheairport.Or:Whenthetaxigetshere,wecanleavefortheairport.Igottotheairportjustbeforemyplaneleft.Or:Myplaneleft