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状语从句GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints一、定义:在复合句中起状语作用的从句。二、分类:状语从句分为1.时间状语从句、2.地点状语从句、3.方式状语从句、4.原因状语从句、5.条件状语从句、6.让步状语从句、7.比较状语从句、8.目的状语从句、9.结果状语从句等。状语从句(AdverbialClauses)GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints三、基本用法:状语从句由从属连词引导,可放在句首或句末。如状语从句位于主句前,一般用逗号将其与主句隔开。GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints四、不同状语从句的不同含义及用法:1.时间状语从句概念:提供主句中动作发生时间的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:when,whenever,while,after,before,since,once,eversince(自从),until,as,till,until,assoonas等。例句:Sheleftschoolwhenshewaseleven.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints注意:☆when,as,while的区别:(1)when和as引导的状语从句中的动作既可以是延续性的也可是非延续性的;while引导的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或状态;(2)当主句和从句的动作均为延续性动作时,一般用while不用when或as;(3)当表示两个同时发展、变化的情况时,一般用as,意思是“随着……”。GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints例句:HewaswatchingTVwhensomebodyknockedatthedoor.ShewaswatchingTVwhileherhusbandwaswashingclothes.Shegetsmoreattractiveasshegetsolder.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆一些可引导时间状语从句的副词和表示时间的名词词组如:instantly,immediately,directly,theday,everytime,theminute,thesecond,themoment等。例句:IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourmessage.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints2.地点状语从句概念:为主句提供地点信息的从句。用法:通常由从属连词where和wherever引导。例句:Putitwherewecanseeit.Let’sgowhereverthispathwilltakeus.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints3.方式状语从句概念:为主句提供有关动作如何发生之类信息的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:as,asif,asthough等。例句:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints注意虚拟语气的使用☆当asif或asthough表示的假设情况是不真实的或不可能的:主句动词是现在时,从句动词常用过去时;例句:Heactsasthoughshedidnotexist.☆主句动词是过去时,从句动词常用过去完成时;例句:Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆从句动词若为be,在任何情况下都用were形式。例句:Sheclosedhereyesasthoughsheweretiredtoo.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints4.原因状语从句概念:讲述主句中动作发生原因的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:because,since,as,for,nowthat,inthat等。例句:Hegotthejobbecausehewasthebestcandidate.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints5.条件状语从句概念:讲述主句中动作发生条件的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:if,unless,so/aslongas,sofaras等。注意:☆虚拟条件句中使用虚拟语气表示非真实的假设例句:IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyouatonce.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆其它引导条件状语从句的词或词组如:providingthat(只要),providedthat(只要),onconditionthat(只要),incase(万一)等例句:You’dbettertakewarmclothesincaseitgetscold.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints6.让步状语从句概念:用于表达“虽然”、“即使”、“不论”等意思的从句。用法:一般由以下从属连词引导:though,although,nomatter+疑问词(how,when,where,who等),evenif,eventhough等。注意:☆as引导的特殊形式的让步状语从句(1)补语+as+代词和系动词例句:Angryashewas,hehadtosmile.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints(2)副词+as+代词和行为动词例句:Hardasshetried,shecouldn’topenthewindow.☆其它引导让步状语从句的词(疑问词词尾加ever)如:whatever(不论什么),wherever(不论何地),whenever(不论何时),whoever(不论是谁),however(不论怎样)。例句:Comewheneveryoulike.Youhavetogoonwhatevertroubleyoumeet.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints7.比较状语从句概念:表示比较意思的从句。用法:一般由从属连词as…as,so…as,than等引导。例句:Thevillagegardensareasgoodastheyusedtobe.ThereweremorepeopletherethanIexpected.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints8.目的状语从句概念:表达主句中行为发生目的的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:sothat,inorderthat,lest(生怕,以免),incase(以防),forfearthat等。注意:☆lest引导的目的状语从句:从句中要用“should+动词原形”构成虚拟语气。should可省略。例句:Shewentawayfromthewindowlestanyone(should)seethem.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆sothat和inorderthat的用法区别:sothat引导的从句只能置于句末,inorderthat引导的从句既可以置于句首,又可置于句末。例句:I’llwashthisshirtsothatyoucanweartomorrow.Inorderthateverybodymayunderstandit,writeitinsimplelanguage.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints9.结果状语从句概念:表达主句动作结果的从句。用法:通常由以下从属连词引导:sothat,so…that,such…that等。注意:☆so…that和such…that的用法区别:so后面接形容词或副词,such后面接名词。例句:HewalkedsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgothishat.GrammarFocus—GrammaticalPoints☆sothat既可引导结果状语也可引导目的状语从句。区别:引导目的状语从句时,从句动词前常要用can(could),may(might),shall(should)等情态动词,引导结果状语从句时多不用情态动词。例句:Heleftearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.IgotupveryearlysothatIwasintimeforthefirsttrain.I.Studytheunderlinedpartofthefollowingsentencesanddecideonthetypeofadverbialclausesandfillintheblankswithproperconnections.Forsomesentences,theremaybemorethanoneanswer.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句1.Hewrotethenamedown________________heshouldforgetit.2.Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,_____________hedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.forfearthat(lest)sothat(so)原因结果GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句3.Makeamark_______________youhaveanydoubtsorquestions.4.Theprojectwascompletedearlier___________wehadexpected.5.Besuretocallonus________________youcometovisitouruniversity.where(wherever)thannexttime(when)地点比较时间GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句6.______________wedon’tloseheart,wecanfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.7.Much______________Iadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkhehasmadetherightchoice.8.Wecaneat____________________wewanttoeat.Aslongasaswhenever/wherever条件让步时间/地点II.Combineeachpairofthefollowingsentencesbyusingaproperconnectiontoformacompoundsentencewithanadverbialclause.Somecanhavemorethanoneanswer.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句1.Ican’tpaymybills.Ihaven’tgottenmypaycheck(工资支票)yet.Ican’tpaymybillsuntilIgetmypaycheck.Or:Ican’tpaymybillbecauseIhaven’tgottenmypaycheck.GrammarFocus—Exercises:状语从句2.Thetaxiwillgethereinfiveminutesorso.Thenwecanleavefortheairport.3.Igottotheairport.Myplanelefttenminuteslater.Assoonasthetaxigetshere,wecanleavefortheairport.Or:Whenthetaxigetshere,wecanleavefortheairport.Igottotheairportjustbeforemyplaneleft.Or:Myplaneleft
本文标题:状语从句
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