状语从句(含练习与答案)

1第十二讲状语从句（含练习与答案）担任状语的从句叫状语从句，可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。一、时间状语从句：引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，assoonas，themoment/minute…（一…就），thetime,theday,everytime,nexttime,eachtime，bythetime，nosooner…than（一…就），hardly(scarcely)…when（一…就）immediately/directly等．Each/Everytimehecomeshere,hewilldropinonme.HewasilllasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他病了．HardlyhadIgottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.=NosoonerhadIgottotheofficethanmywifephonedmetogohomeatonce.IrecognizedhimimmediatelyIsawhim.※when,while与as当主句动作时瞬时的，从句动作是延续的，三者都可以用。when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，在“be…when…”句式中when表“atthattime(就在这时)”意。while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的；有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，并列连词，表对照。As强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生，意为“一边…一边…”。WhenIgothomeIfoundthedoorlocked.While/When/aswewereworkinginthefields,itsuddenlybegantorain.Hewaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenabikehithim.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.Ihadjustarrivedatschoolwhenmywifephonedmetogohome.Hispencilisred,whilemineisyellow.Johnsanghappilyashewentalong.※till与until一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。Untilitstopsraining，thechildrencan’tgoout.＝Notuntiltherainstopscanthechildrengoout.二、地点状语从句引导词有where，wherever.I’llgowhereverthepeoplewantmetogo.(wherever＝toanyplacewhere)Heworkswherehisgrandfatherfought.(where＝intheplacewhere)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where＝Intheplacewhere)三、原因状语从句2引导词有because,since,as,now(that)(既然)回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because。since＝now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因。Nowthat/Sinceyouarefreetoday,youmayhavearestathomeorgooutforawalk.for是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Thedayhasbroken,forthebirdsaresinging.(这两句中的for不可替换)四、目的状语引导词有sothat,inorderthat,that,incase（免得，以防）。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。Heranasfastaspossibleinorderthathecouldcatchthebus.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.五、方式（或比较）状语从句引导词有as,asif,asthough,theway,than,as/so…as,themore…themore.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Myteachertreatsusasifshewereourmother.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.Tomisnotso/astallasJohn.HerunsfasterthanI.注：as…as可用于肯定句或否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。六、结果状语从句引导词有so…that,such…that,sothat.（意思是“如此…以致…）Heworkssohardthathemakesgreatprogressinhisstudies.It’ssuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.（从句不是目的，没有can,may）There’snotanynoiseheresothatIfeelverycomfortable.※修饰形容词、副词只能用so.HewalkedsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepupwithhim.※修饰many,much,few,little(少)时，习惯用so.Thereweresomanybooksintheshopthathedidn’tknowwhichtobuy.※修饰可数名词单数可用so或suchItissuchaninterestingbook(=sointerestingabook)thatwealllikeitverymuch.※修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，用such.Thevillagersweresuchkindpeoplethattheyallcametohelpus.七、条件状语从句引导词有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,incase（万一，如果），从句的时态用一般现在时（含现在完成时），一般过去时（含过去完成时）分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.Hesaidhewouldnotgobackhomeunlesshehadachievedalot.3I’llstudysolongasI’malive.Incasehecome,letmeknow.Theycan'tleaveunlesstheyhavedonetheirwork.※If引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句（用于虚拟语气）八、让步状语从句引导词有though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter＋what/who/when/…等。Though/Althoughheisill,hestillgoestoschool.Shestartedherexperiment,eventhoughshehadlittlemoney.Whateveryoufound,youmustturnitin.Howeverhardheworked,hehardlymadeanyprogress.※as作“尽管,虽然”意时，常用倒装句式。Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.＝Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略。Childas/thoughheis,hehasrememberedalotofEnglishwords.(though不可换为although)although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。Althoughitisrainingheavily,yettheyarerepairingthebridge.九、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地点状语从句）Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）45状语从句练习（1）1.BIgettoParis,I’llcallyouupattheairport.A.SinceB.WhileC.OnceD.Although2.theheadmastercomes,wewon’tdiscussthisplan.A.UnlessB.IfnotC.ExceptD.Whether3.Billmusthavebeenawayfromtheoffice.howmanytimesIphonedhim,nobodyansweredit.A.WhateverB.NomatterC.InspiteofD.Though4.IhadbeentoBeijinglongyouvisitedit.A.beforeB.tillC.afterD.when5.,heisgoodatdrawing.A.TobeachildB.AchildasheisC.AsachildD.Childasheis6.Don’tbediscouragedyouhavefallenbehindothers.A.whetherB.asifC.evenifD.however7.Wecangetthereontimethecardoesn’tbreakdown.A.whileB.aslongasC.sothatD.evenif8.Thevaseontheleftisthantheoneontheright,andnot.A.morenicer；soexpensiveB.muchmorebetter；asexpensiveC.nicer；asexpensiveD.better；suchexpensive9.Itwasn’tlonghejoinedthejob.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.and10.Theseplanescanflythantheoldones.A.asfastthreetimesB.threetimesasfastC.threetimesfastD.threetimesfaster11.hadthebellrungthestudentstookthei