高一英语高一英语句子成分

组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语,同位语.1.主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体.可由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,等表示.a.名词:ProfessorZhangisafamousscientist.b.代词:WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.C.数词:Twotimesfiveisten.d.不定式:TomasterEnglishisuseful.e.动名词:Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.2.谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征或状态.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Shetakescareofhermother.Wearestudent.3.表语:用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如:be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后.a.MyteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.b.Isityours?c.Theweatherhasturnedcold.d.Thespeechisexciting.e.ThejobistoteachEnglish.4.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。a.TheyspeakEnglish.b.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.c.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.双宾语：A.直接宾语:表示动作的承受者或结果,通常指物.B.间接宾语:表示动作所向的或所为的人或物,通常指人.Lendmeyourdictionary,please.Thecompanysentusafewcomputerslastyear.Hesentabirthdaygifttomeyesterday.4.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：a名词（代词）+不定式b名词（代词）+分词c名词（代词）+名词d名词（代词）+行容词a.名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.b.名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Atthattimewewerethereandsawitdone.c.名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.Weelecthimourchairman.d.名词（代词）+形容词Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.5.定语:修饰名词或代词的词短语或从句.Thisisaredcar.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Theyoftendrawinthepark.(地点状语)HelikesreadingEnglishverymuch.(程度状语)IsawTomtwodaysago.(地点状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)Shecameinwithabookinherhand.(伴随)6.状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词,或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.7.同位语:位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldothework.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.IgetupearlysothatIcancatchthebus.(目的状语)