斯伦贝谢LWD introduction

Aug2003Presentedby:WangRuoAug2003LWDIntroductionAug2003MWD/LWDtechniques•WhydoweuseLWD?•MWD/LWDbasics•LWDMeasurements–Resistivity:PropagationandLaterolog–Density/Neutron&Sonictools•LWDmeasurementsforhorizontalwell-bores•ApplicationofImageandAzimuthalmeasurements•WellPlacement(GeoSteering)MethodsAug2003WellPlanning,DirectionalDrilling&NewDrillingTechnologies•WellPlanninginageologicalenvironment•SurveyUncertainty•DDNewTechnologiesAug2003WhatisMWD/LWD?•Real-timeSurveysforDirectionalControl–Inclination,azimuth,toolface•Real-timeDrillingMechanicsdataforDrillingOptimisationandSafetyincluding:–Weight-on-Bit,DownholeTorque-at-Bit•Real-timeFormationMeasurementincluding:–Resistivity,Density,PorosityAsystemwhichprovidesreal-timedatafrommeasurementsmadenearthedrillbitduringthedrillingprocessAug2003•1927:FirstWirelinelogruninFrancebySchlumbergerbrothers•1929:Jokoskyfilesapatentontheconceptofmudpulsetelemetry•1950:Arpinventspositivemudpulsesystem•1960’s:–Teledrifttooldeveloped-mechanicalinclinometerwithpositivemudpulse,stillusedtoday–GodbeyofMobildevelopsthemudsirensystem•1971:FirstsuccessfultestofmudsirenbyMobilR&D•1978:TelecocommercialwithDirectionalMWD•1980:Schlumberger/Anadrillintroducesmulti-sensorMWDABriefHistoryofMWD-theearlydaysAug2003ABriefHistoryofMWD-thebirthofLWD•1981:–Gentrix(Eastman)introducesPPTdirectionalMWD–ExlogintroducesNPTmulti-sensorMWD•1983:TelecointroducesRGD•1984:–NLBaroidintroducesRecordedLithologyLog(RLL)–ElectromagneticresistivityandGammaRaylog–Teeco,Anadrill,Exlog,andGearhartofferResistivityandGRservices•1986:NLBaroidintroducesTripleComboLWD•1989:–SperryintroducesTripleComboLWD–Schlumberger/AnadrillintroducesTripleComboLWDAug2003ABriefHistoryofMWD-imagingatthebit•1990:TelecocommercialwithTripleCombo•1992:Schlumberger/AnadrillintroducestheIDEAL(IntegratedDrillingEvaluationandLogging)systemincluding:–RAB(ResistivityatBit),–GeoSteeringTool–BoreholeImaging,–AcousticCaliper•1993:Baroid(NLSperry)introducesNearBitInclinometer•1995:Commercialslim-holeresistivitytoolsdeveloped•1996:Schlumberger/AnadrillintroducesTripleComboforslimholes•1999:SchlumbergerintroducesReal-Timeformationimaging•2001:SchlumbergerintroducesSeismicMeasurementWhileDrillingAug2003VISIONLWDServicesAug2003Aug2003AlphabetsoupARCx-ArrayResistivityCompensated,2MHzand400KHzresistivityARC4=4¾”OD(=Impulse)ARC6=6¾”ODARC8=8¼”ODARC9=9”ODRABx-ResistivityAttheBitUpgradedtoGeoVisionResistivity(GVR)GSTGeosteeringtool(6¾”OD)ADNx–AzimuthalDensityNeutronADN4=4¾”ODADN6=6¾”ODADN8=8”OD.ISONIConlycalledISONICAug2003MoreAlphabetsoupMWDImpulse4¾”ODPowerPulsePP66¾”ODPP88¼”ODPP99”ODToolCombinations:Visionxxx–Triplecombostring,ARC-MWD-ADNVision475=4¾”OD(Impulse-ADN)Vision675=6¾”OD(ARC6-PP6-ADN6Vision825=81/4”OD(ARC8-PP8-ADN8)Aug2003FormationEvaluationOptimizationWellDeviationSeismicorFormationEvaluationComplexitylowlowhighhighAug2003WhyuseLWD?•ScenarioA–Highrigcost–Highdrillingrisk–HighwellplacementriskLWDpreferred•ScenarioB–Lowrigcost–Lowdrillingrisk–LowwellplacementriskWLpreferredororandandAug2003What’sSpecialAboutLWD?•Measurementsaremadesoonafterdrilling–Beforeformationalteration–Beforeholewashesout–Beforefluidinvasion–Timebecomesafactorininterpretation•LWDsensorsareusuallyrotating–Resistivity&DensityImages–AzimuthalformationevaluationAug2003What’sSpecialAboutLWD?•LWDtoolsareoftenruninhighangleboreholes–Horizontalevaluation-specialinterpretationissues–Mayrequire3Dinterpretation–Measurementsoftencrossingbeds–Anisotropyissues*Aug2003LWDOperatingModesReal-timedatawithMWDDatastoredindownholememoryAug2003Telemetry:cleansignalsthroughdirtymudAug2003MWDDataTransmission•Designconsiderations:•Reliability•Maximizeddataupdaterate•Minimalimpactondrillingoperations•AllMWDtoolsusemud-pulsetelemetrytotransmitdatatosurface:•AnalogtoDigitalsignals(1and0)•Digitalsignalstopressurepulses•PressurepulsestransmittedthroughthemudcolumnAug2003MWDTelemetrySystemsAhydraulicpoppetvalvemomentarilyrestrictstheflowofmudtogenerateanincreaseinpressureControlledvalveventsmudbrieflytotheannulus,decreasingthepressureRotaryvalve(siren)restrictsthemudflowtocreateamodulatingpositivepressurewaveAug2003MWDContinuousWaveTelemetryMudPulserandTurbineAssemblyAsMudflowsthroughtheMWDtoolthepressurerequiredtoforcethemudtoflowchangesastheModulatoropensandclosesAug2003TestBench•Combinedenvironment•Verticalshocks•Hightemperaturelifetesting•Multipletoolsqualified•LCMtestsat50lb/bblmediumnutplug•SeveralthousandpumpinghoursinflowloopsEngineeringQualificationAug2003ExampleTelemetryDataFrameAug2003TheOldWayLWD–RealTime,InTime•Thehighestdataratesintheindustrymeanyougetthedatayouneed,whenyouneedit.Whyputupwithaminimalsuiteofpoorqualitylogsinrealtime?WhenyoucanhaveaWireline-Qualityloggingsuiteinreal-time?TheNewWayWhycontrolthedrillingtogetgoodlogdata?Aug2003LWD–RealTime,InTime•LWDisn’tjustgivingyouwigglylines–it’syoureyestomonitorthedrillingprocess.Whywait2minutesand10feetforyournextupdateofpressure,surveysortoolface?Whyrisknothavingthedatayouneed,atthemomentyouneedit?Whenyoucanhaveitevery20seconds?•Two-waycommu