您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 分析化学(第六版)习题答案
16、用NaOH(0.20mol/L)滴定一氯乙酸(0.20mol/L)至甲基橙变黄(pH=4.4)时,还有百分之几的一氯乙酸未被滴定?解:一氯乙酸的Ka=1.3×10-3,pH=4.4时,2.76%101.31010]H[][H34.44.4aHAK即有2.76%的一氯乙酸未被滴定。17、计算用NaOH(0.10mol/L)滴定HCOOH(0.10mol/L)到化学计量点时溶液的pH,并说明应选择何种指示剂?解:计量点时溶液组成为0.05mol/L的HCOONa溶液。mol/L101.67100.05/1.810/][OH6414awbspKCKCKpHsp=14-pOH=8.22,可选酚酞为指示剂。18、解:①计算终点误差cep=0.1000×20.70/(25.00+20.70)=0.0453(mol/L)-1.0%%100105.61010%100)][H][H1010(%100)][]OH[(520.620.6aep20.6)20.600.14(HAepKccHTE②计量点的pH计量点时,完全生成苯甲酸钠,8.42pH)mol/L(1079.3]H[)mol/L(1064.2105.6100453.0][OH96514a,wb-苯甲酸KKccK③苯甲酸溶液的浓度/L)0.0836(mol110000.2570.201000.0=%%c19、解:①HA的摩尔质量)(mol10708.3100020.410900.0)()(3NaOHHANaOHHAcVncVn)(g/mol1.33710708.3250.13HAHAHAHAHAHAnmMMmn5902.4aa4aHANaAa43HAa1026.110902.4p30.40029664.010416.7lgplgppH)mol(10416.7100024.80900.0NaA)mol(0029664.0100024.80900.010708.34.30pHHAKKKnnKnK=的物质的量=生成=剩余量=此时,。时滴定剂加到②,溶液8.24mL值的8.765.2414.00pH24.5pOH105.681026.1105020.4120.410900.0][OHNaApH6-514bsp=-=,溶液呈碱性化学计量点完全生成的计算③化学计量点-Kc20、解:化学计量点时,完全生成HAc,需消耗HCl30mL.一滴定不可行。无法准确判断终点,这后,过量两滴3.006.009.315.3pH3.09pH)mol/L(1014.810010.010.0]H[HCl)mL10.0(15.3pH)mol/L(1014.7107.1030.0]H[)mol/L(030.030703010.04a45aHAccKcKc21、以HCl(0.01000mol/L)滴定NaOH溶液(0.01000mol/L)20.00mL,①甲基橙为指示剂,滴定到pH4.0为终点;②酚酞为指示剂,滴定到pH8.0为终点。分别计算滴定终点误差,并指出用哪种指示剂较为合适。解:100%][OH][HepaepepcTE①2%100%0.0051010104tE②0.02%100%0.005101068tE酚酞作指示剂较为合适。23、解:CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2HCl过量5.60×0.975=5.46mL与CaCO3反应消耗HCl20.00-5.46=14.54(mL)石灰石样品中n(CaCO3)=(14.54×0.1175)/2000=0.0008542(mol)石灰石样品中m(CaCO3)=0.0008542×100.1=0.0855(g)石灰石的纯度=0.0855/0.2815=30.37%如果以CO2表示,m(CO2)=0.0008542×44.01=0.0376(g)CO2的百分质量分数为:0.0376/0.2815=13.35%25、解:酚酞做指示剂,消耗盐酸12.00mL,说明试样中有Na3PO4。Na3PO4+HCl=Na2HPO4+NaCl%4.2800.2/568.0HPONa)g(568.014.1425000.010008.00HPONa8.00(mL)12.00232.00HClHPONaNaClPONaHHClHPONaNaCl2PONaHHCl2PONa%18.4900.2/98364.0PONa)(98364.094.1630060.0)mol(0060.0100000.125000.04242424242424343PONaHClPONa4343的含量为:试样中=的质量为:试样中=-为:反应消耗的与=+=滴定至甲基橙终点时,的含量为:试样中gmnn26、粗铵盐1.000g加过量NaOH溶液,产生的氨经蒸馏吸收在50.00mL(0.5000mol/L)的盐酸中,过量的盐酸用NaOH溶液(0.5000mol/L)回滴,消耗1.56mL,计算试样中NH3的百分质量分数。解:41.17%100%1.00017100.5000)1.560.5000(50.00329、已知水的离子积常数Ks=10-14,乙醇的离子积常数Ks=10-19.1,求:(1)纯水的pH和乙醇的pC2H5OH2。(2)0.0100mol/LHClO4的水溶液和乙醇溶液的pH、pC2H5OH2及pOH、pC2H5O。(设HClO4全部离解)解:(1)7.00p21pHsK9.55p21OHHpCs252K(2)因HClO4全部离解,故水溶液中:pH=-lg0.0100=2.00,pOH=14.00-2.00=12.00乙醇溶液中:pC2H5OH2=-lg0.0100=2.00,pC2H5O=19.10-2.00=17.1031.解:%6.38%1001402.010000.188288.0%3.43%1001402.010000.172353.0mmol353.0mmol288.01790.061.158.31790.0ml61.1)58.319.5(;ml;583液羧基被中和;消耗标准时,第一计1111萘酸羟基萘酸萘酸萘酸羟基萘酸羟基萘酸)()(有:。消耗标准液酚羟基被中和第二计量点时,萘酸为二元酸。羟基萘酸为一元酸,wwnnnn.点量33.解:%103%1001550.070.201100008.006.80996.0%100)(%100)(%100sssmMcVmMnmmw盐酸麻黄碱高氯酸盐酸麻黄碱盐酸麻黄碱盐酸麻黄碱34.解:%101100%0.5438g0.02)ml(8.1267.68mg/ml%100)(%100)(%100sssmTVmMnmmw高氯酸硫酸阿托品硫酸阿托品硫酸阿托品第六章配位滴定法12、解:Ca2++Y4-=CaY2-)mol/L(01008.0100090.2410000.251.1001005.04442YYYCa=解得:ccnn14、用0.020mol/LEDTA滴定浓度均为0.020mol/L的Cd2+、Hg2+混合溶液中的Cd2+,当pH为6时,试问:若加入KI掩蔽其中的Hg2+,使终点时游离I-离子的浓度为10-2mol/L,能否完全掩蔽?此时lgK′CdY是多大?若以二甲酚橙为指示剂,终点误差是多少?解:214-43-32-2-1Hg(I)104.04][I][I][I][I1ββββα[Hg2+]sp≈0.01/4.04×1021=2.47×10-24mol/L。1102.47101][Hg1-2421.82HgYY(Hg)K。可以完全掩蔽。pH=6时,αY(H)=104.65,αY=αY(H)+αY(Hg)-1=104.65lgK’CdY=lgKCdY-lgαY=16.40-4.65=11.756.8811.75)(221)lg(p21pCdCdYspCd,spKC以二甲酚橙为指示剂,pH=6时,pCdep=5.5。ΔpCd=5.5-6.88=-1.380.032%100%10101010100%101011.7521.38-1.38MYspM,pMpMtKcE16、取100mL水样,用氨性缓冲溶液调节至pH=10,以EBT为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液(0.008826mol/L)滴定至终点,共消耗12.58mL,计算水的总硬度。如果将上述水样再取100mL,用NaOH调节pH=12.5,加入钙指示剂,用上述EDTA标准溶液滴定至终点,消耗10.11mL,试分别求出水样中Ca2+和Mg2+的量。解:)(总硬度3CaCO111.0mg/L100/100010012.580.00882635.69mg/L100/10004010.110.008826Ca5.23mg/L100/10002410.11-12.580.008826Mg)(第七章氧化还原滴定法7、计算KI浓度为1mol/L时,Cu2+/Cu+电对的条件电极电位(忽略离子强度的影响)。解:Cu2++e==Cu+θ=0.159VCuIsp,-2/CuCu2/CuCu/CuCu0.059lg-]0.059lg[I]0.059lg[Cu][Cu][Cu0.059lg222KKI浓度为1mol/L时,Cu2+/Cu+电对的条件电极电位为:0.87V100.059lg10.1590.059lg-12CuIsp,/CuCu/CuCu22K8、解:。行得很完全,是可行的,该预先还原的反应进从反应的平衡常数来看20θθ/SnSnθ/FeFe1032.892.20059.0617.02lg)V(617.0154.0771.0V154.0V771.02423KKEEE9、计算在1mol/LHCl溶液中用Fe3+溶液滴定Sn2+溶液的化学计量点电位及电位突跃范围,在此滴定中应选用何种氧化还原指示剂?(已知θFe3+/Fe2+=0.70V,θSn4+/Sn2+=0.14V)解:计量点电位0.33V30.1420.70θ2θ1sp2121nnnnE电位突跃范围30.0592θ2n~30.0591θ1n即:0.23V320.0590.14~0.52V310.0590.70应选亚甲蓝指示剂(理论变色点0.36V)。10、解:K2Cr2O7~3I2~6Na2S2O3/L)0.1175(mol2.294100061.330.1936666)(722322722322722722322OCrKOSNaOCrKOSNaOCrKOCrKOSNaMVmcMmcV11、解:5KHC2O4~2KMnO4l/L)0.01697(mo2.14600.3010001861.04.010004.052)(OHOKHCKMnOOHOKHCKMnOOHOKHCOHOKHCKMnO242424242422424MVmcMmcV12、称取红丹(Pb3O4)试样0.2500g,用盐酸溶解后转移到100mL容量瓶中,取20.00mL加入0.5000mol/LK2Cr2O725.00mL,使其析出PbCrO4,定量过滤沉淀,洗涤溶解后,加入KI和淀粉溶液,以0.1000mol/LNa2S2O3溶液滴定至终点,用去Na2S2O3溶液6.00mL,求试样中P
本文标题:分析化学(第六版)习题答案
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5038624 .html