牛津译林版英语高二下册Module 8《Unit 2 The universal language

Unit2TheuniversallanguageGrammarandusage1.WhatkindofpersonistheprincessTurandot?(Sheis)Cold-hearted.2.HowmanytimeswillTurandotbestagedintheForbiddenCity?(ItwillbestagedintheForbiddenCity)Eight(times).3.Whatwerethekeyingredientsfortheproductionofthisopera?Thebringingtogetherofthegroupofpeoplefrommanycountries,themusicandthesetting(werethekeyingredientsfortheproductionofthisopera).Review:AnswersomequestionsbasedonTurandotinBeijing.WhatisEllipsis?Somewordscanbeleftoutwhenwedonotwanttorepeatthem.Thisiscalledellipsis.Ellipsisisusedwhenwedonotwanttorepeatwordsorphrasesthatareobvious.Somewordsofasentencecanbeleftoutwhilethemeaningcanstillbeunderstood.•1.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTom.(wrong)•2.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTomdoes.(correct)•3.MyfatherlikessportsmorethanhelikesTom.(correct)I.简单句中的省略1.在口语中—Howisyourmothertoday?—(Sheis)Muchbetter.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?2.在祈使句中(You)Openthedoor,please.(I)Thankyouverymuch.3.在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.Imethimatthedoctors’(house).5.动词不定式的省略a.为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike,like和love等。如:Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithher).—Willyougowithme?—Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).b.在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词。如:Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).c.在某些形容词delight,glad,happy,pleased等后省略to后面的动词。如:—Willyoujoininourdiscussion?—I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).d.若不定式中带有be,have等,通常保留be,have。如:—Areyouateacher?—No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).Johndidn’tcome,butheoughttohave(come).1.—Hepromisedtocometoseeyou.—Buthe__________.I’vebeenallalone.A.didn’tB.wouldn’tC.hasn’tD.won’t2.—Haveyouwateredtheflowers?—No,but__________.A.IamB.I’mgoingC.I’mjustgoingtoD.Iwillgo3.—Hehasn’tgonetotheofficeuptonow.—Well,he__________.A.shouldB.oughttoC.oughttogoD.oughttohaveII.并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。如：Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn’t(donehishomework).2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。如：Marycan（speakEnglish）and(Mary)oughttospeakEnglish.Bobworks(inLondon),andPeterlivesinLondon.III.复合句中的省略1.主句的省略1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。(It’sa)pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。—ShallIgotoplay?—Ifyoulike.(youcangotoplay).2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。如：Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(bookyoupassme).Hewillcomeback,butshedoesn’tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,yetshedoesn’tknowhow(shecanlearnitwell).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess,Iexpect,Isuppose,Iimagine等开头的作答句中,后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。b.—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopeso(itwillrain).a.—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?—Iguessso(yourteamwillwin).—Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).—Iguessnot(yourteamwillnotwin).c.―Willwebelate?―I'mafraidso/not.1.––Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.—Oh!I_______.A.donothopetoB.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot2.—IsProfessorTateverysick?—I’mafraid_______.A.soB.thisC.toD.that3.状语从句中的省略1)在有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：ifitispossible,whenitisnecessary等。如：Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfif(itis)possible.We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhen(itis)necessary.2)在虚拟条件状语从句中,当助动词为were,had,should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。如:WereIyou,Iwoulddomoreexercise.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou.=IfIwereyou4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when,while,though,if和unless。如：When(youare)crossingtheroad,you'dbetterlookatbothsides.Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen(shewas)askedbythepolice.Unless(Iam)invitedIwillnotgo.3)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。如：Hegotupearlyasusual(hedid).Afterhalfahour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).Hestudiesashardasyou(study).4.定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词。如：Thegirl(whois)standingunderthetreeisMary.Thebridge(whichwas)builtin1927brokedown.Thegirl(whois)infrontoftheclassroomisMary.2)在限制性定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是theway,后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或inwhich。如：Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.Wewilldothesameworkasthey(do).Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.1.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002上海春)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich3.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced4.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned5.Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan________.[2007安徽卷]A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe6.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited5.惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略1)固定句型How/Whatabout+n./pron./v-in