论欧盟食品安全法中的风险预防原则_问题与前瞻_张华

。。、“”。。。“”。“”fromfarmtotable。。2090、。、。①precautionaryprinciple①《》31“、、”。SeeRegulationECNo178/2002“LayingDowntheGeneralPrinciplesandRequirementsofFoodLaw”EstablishingtheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthorityandLayingdownProceduresinMattersofFoodSafety2002OJL31/1．。。2070。1991《》。《》《》①1912《》1742“。……”。②。《》168《》169③。。《》1911“”《》11《》6“”④《》168“101①②③④2009121《》《》《》《》《》。《》。“ConsolidatedVersionoftheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnion”OJC8330March2010Art．1912．《》168169《》152153。“ConsolidatedVersionoftheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnion”Art．11．”。①“”“”。《》43“”《》37、114“”《》95、168169“”、、“”。。②。“”。2090“”BSE。“”。。principleofproportionality。“protectivemeasures”。③“”“”④———“”scientificuncertainty。“”Pfi-zer“”“”“”。⑤20120114①②③④⑤“ConsolidatedVersionoftheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnion”Art．168．、《》“”GeneralCourt。CaseC－180/96UnitedKingdomv．Commission1998ECRI－2265para．99．。CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305．“”Artegodan“”。《》、“”。“、”。①autonomousprinciple。②2090“”。1997《》《》1999《》。“”。20002《》CommunicationonthePrecautionaryPrinciple。。③200012“”。④。⑤。1999《96/5/EC》301①②③④⑤JoinedCasesT－74/00T－76/00T－83/00toT－85/00T－132/00T－137/00andT－141/00ArtegodanandOthersv．Commission2002ECRII－4945para．183．Ibid．para．184．CommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrincipleCOM20011．SeeNiceEuropeanCouncil“ConclusionsofthePresidency”DOC/00/307－9December2000．Seee．g．CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305CaseT－70/99Alpharmav．Council2002ECRII－3495．1999/39/EC①4“”。2001《2001/18/EC》②81“、……”。2002《178/2002》《》67。③。principleofsubsidiarity、principleofpropor-tionality、principleoffundamentalrights“”“”。④。、、。。⑤。40120114①②③④⑤CommissionDirective1999/39/ECof6May1999AmendingDirective96/5/EConProcessedCe-real－BasedFoodsandBabyFoodsforInfantsandYoungChildren1999OJL124/8．Directive2001/18/EContheDeliberateReleaseintotheEnvironmentofGeneticallyModifiedOr-ganismsandRepealingCouncilDirective90/220/EEC2001OJL106/1．RegulationECNo178/2002Arts．67．SeePaulCraigEUAdministrativeLawOxfordOxfordUniversityPress2006p．717．SeeNicolasdeSadeleer“ThePrecautionaryPrincipleinECHealthandEnvironmentalLaw”EuropeanLawJournalVol．122006pp．144－146．。《》、《》。。riskanalysis。2002《》61“”。①riskassessmentriskmanage-mentriskcommunication。②prudentialapproach。③。《》3“”“hazardidentification、hazardcharacterisation、exposureassessmentriskcharacterisation”。“”“”。④《》62“、”。3501①②③④RegulationECNo178/2002Art．61．“”、、、、、。Ibid．Art．313．SeeCommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrinciplep．13．RegulationECNo178/2002Arts．31011．。①。②“”unacceptable。③《》EuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority。2000《》triggeringfactor。。1996“”NationalFramers’U-nionCase“”。④“、insufficiencyinconclusivenessorimprecision”。⑤——————。《》“”“60120114①②③④⑤RegulationECNo178/2002Arts．623．。SeeJoséLuísdaCruzVilaca“ThePre-cautionaryPrincipleinECLaw”EuropeanPublicLawVol．102004p．383．CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305para．149．CaseC－180/96UnitedKingdomv．Commission1996ECRI－3903para．93．Seee．g．CaseC－192/01Commissionv．Denmark2003ECRI－9693para．52CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305para．393．”。71、。①71《》。。、。scientificpolitical。otherlegitimatefactors———、、、。。《》、、、、、、、。②。《》12“……701①②AnnaSzajkowska“TheImpactoftheDefinitionofthePrecautionaryPrincipleintheFoodLaw”CommonMarketLawReviewVol．472010p．183．SeeCommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrinciplep．18．……”。①。。。2000《》1proportionality2non－discrimination3consistency4examinationofthebenefitsandcostsofactionorlackofaction5examinationofscientificdevelopments。②《》72“1。”。③provisionalproportional。80120114①②③RegulationECNo178/2002Art．12．SeeCommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrinciplepp．18－21．RegulationECNo178/2002Art．72．。①。、。leastonerous。②。“”“”。③。、。“”intertwined。④legitimateexpectation、principleofsoundadministra-tiondutyofcare。⑤。《》、《》901①②③④⑤。“”《》20043175。Seee．g．CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305para．411．“”《》2010359－61。SeeNicolasdeSadeleer“ThePrecautionaryPrincipleinECHealthandEnvironmentalLaw”p.167．SeeJoséLuísdaCruzVilaca“ThePrecautionaryPrincipleinECLaw”EuropeanPublicLawVol．102004pp．398－399．。①。“”。———、、、、———priorapprovals。。。。《》。②、。。《》、、、。01120114①②“”、HACCP、RASFF、、。“”《》2010296－98。SeeCommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrinciplep．21．、。①《》7“”7。“”Malagutti②“”RapidAlertSystemforFoodandFeedRASFF③。RASFF。RASFF、dicofol。。9。。“④prevailing”。⑤RASFF“111①②③④⑤SeeCommunicationfromtheCommissiononthePrecautionaryPrinciple．CaseT－177/02Malagutti－VezinhetSAv．Commission2004ECRII－827．1979。RASFF2002《》50。、、、、。contactpoint。。。。CaseT－177/02Malagutti－VezinhetSAv．Commission2004ECRII－827paras．53－54．”。“”。①《》7。“”“”———、、、②———。“”。ScientificSteeringCommitteeSCC《》、、。。③、、“”。。④《》“”“”“”。21120114①②③④Seee．g．CaseT－13/99PfizerAnimalHealthSAv．Council2002ECRII－3305para．456JoinedCasesT－74/00T－76/00T－83/00toT－85/00T－132/00T－137/00andT－141/00Artego-danandOthersv．Commission2002ECRII－4945para．173．SeeRegulationECNo178/2002Recital19．SeeSCCFirstReportontheHarmonizationofRiskAssessmentProcedures－PartI26－27Octo-ber2000pp．109－122．AnnaSzajkowska“TheImpactoftheDefinitionofthePrecautionaryPrincipleintheFood