The X-43A Hyper-X Mach 7 Flight 2 Guidance, Naviga

AmericanInstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics1TheX-43AHyper-XMach7Flight2Guidance,Navigation,andControlOverviewandFlightTestResultsCatherineBahm,*EthanBaumann,†NASADrydenFlightResearchCenter,Edwards,California,93523JohnMartin,‡NASALangleyResearchCenter,Hampton,Virginia,23681DavidBose,§RogerE.Beck,**andBrianStrovers††AnalyticalMechanicsAssociates,Inc.,Hampton,Virginia,23666AbstractTheobjectiveoftheHyper-Xprogramwastoflightdemonstrateanairframe-integratedhypersonicvehicle.OnMarch27,2004,theHyper-Xprogramteamsuccessfullyconductedflight2andachievedalloftheresearchobjectives.TheHyper-XresearchvehiclesuccessfullyseparatedfromtheHyper-Xlaunchvehicleandachievedthedesiredenginetestconditionsbeforetheexperimentbegan.Theresearchvehiclerejectedthedisturbancescausedbythecowldooropeningandthefuelturningonandoffandmaintainedtheenginetestconditionsthroughouttheexperiment.Aftertheenginetestwascomplete,thevehiclerecoveredanddescendedalongatrajectorywhileperformingresearchmaneuvers.Thelastdataacquiredshowedthatthevehiclemaintainedcontroltothewater.Thisreportwillprovideanoverviewoftheresearchvehicleguidanceandcontrolsystemsandtheperformanceofthevehicleduringtheseparationeventandenginetest.Theresearchmaneuverswereperformedtocollectdataforaerodynamicsandflightcontrolsresearch.Thisreportalsowillprovideanoverviewoftheflightcontrolsrelatedresearchandresults.NomenclatureAMWallmovingwingARIaileron-to-rudderinterconnectdegdegreeFADSflushairdatasensingFFTFastFourierTransformfpsfeetpersecondftfeetGNCguidance,navigation,andcontrolHXLVHyper-XlaunchvehicleHXRVHyper-Xresearchvehicle(X-43A)*AerospaceEngineer,P.O.Box273/MS4840D.†AerospaceEngineer,P.O.Box273/MS4840D.‡AerospaceEngineer,100NASARoad/MS451.§AerospaceEngineer,303ButlerFarmRdSte104a.**AerospaceEngineer,303ButlerFarmRdSte104a.††AerospaceEngineer,POBox273/MS4840H.AIAA/CIRA13thInternationalSpacePlanesandHypersonicsSystemsandTechnologiesAIAA2005-3275ThismaterialisdeclaredaworkoftheU.S.GovernmentandisnotsubjecttocopyrightprotectionintheUnitedStates.AmericanInstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics2KariARIgainkftthousandfeetKiintegratorgainKProllrategainKpproportionalangleofattackerrorgainKphiproportionalbankangleerrorgainKqpitchrategainKryawrategainMDLmissiondataloadMIBMishapInvestigationBoardmsmillisecond(s)nminauticalmilesnznormalaccelerationnzcmdnormalaccelerationcommandPIDparameteridentificationPOPUpush-overpull-upPSCpropulsionsystemcontrolpsfpoundspersquarefootRTFreturntoflightssecond(s),timeqbardynamicpressure,psfxsepseparationdistance,inαangleofattack,degαˆcomequivalentangleofattackcommand,degαcomangleofattackcommand,degβsideslipangle,degφbankangle,degφcmdbankanglecommand,degI.IntroductionHEHyper-Xprogramwasthefirsteverflightdemonstrationofanairframe-integrated,scramjet-powered,hypersonicvehicle.Theobjectiveoftheprogramwastodemonstrateandvalidatethetools,testandanalysistechniques,anddesignmethodologiesofscramjet-poweredhypersonicvehicles.1Theguidanceandflightcontrolswereneededforthesuccessofthepropulsionexperiment.Theresearchvehicleflightcontrolsandguidancewererequiredtorejectthedisturbancecausedbyseparationfromthelaunchvehicle,maintaintheenginetestflightconditions,andremaincontrolledduringthedescentwhileperformingadditionalresearchmaneuvers.TheserequirementsweresuccessfullyexecutedduringtheMach7flight2onMarch27,2004.ThisreportwillprovideanoverviewoftheMach7flight2researchvehicleguidanceandcontrolsystemsandtheperformanceofthevehicleduringtheseparationeventandenginetest.Thisreportwillalsoprovideabriefdescriptionandresultsoftheadditionalflightcontrolsresearchthatwasperformedduringthedescent.TAmericanInstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics3II.Hyper-XProgramOverviewTheobjectiveoftheHyper-Xprogramwasthein-flightdemonstrationofanairframe-integratedscramjet.Theprimarygoaloftheprojectwastosuccessfullyperformtheenginetestandgatherpropulsionandperformancedata.1TheHyper-Xprojectconsistedofthreeflightstogatherdataforthescramjetenginesthatwereoptimizedforspecificflightconditions.ThefirsttwoflightsweretooccuratMach7andthethirdflightatMach10.TheHyper-Xresearchvehicle(HXRV)(Fig.1),wasanunmannedautonomousvehicle,12ft(3.66m)inlength,5ft(1.52m)wide,andweighedapproximately3000lb(13,345N).TheAlliantTechsystemsInc.-GASL(ATK-GASL)teamprovidedtheHXRVandtheadapterthatconnectstheHXRVtothelaunchvehicle.TheHyper-Xlaunchvehicle(HXLV)wasamodifiedPegasusboosterprovidedbyOrbitalSciencesCorporation(Chandler,Arizona).Figure2showsthenominalflightsequencefortheMach7flight2mission.TheHyper-Xstack,thecombinedHXLV,HXRV,andadapter(Fig.3),wascarriedbytheNASAB-52BaircrafttotheWesternTestRangeoverthePacificOceanoffthecoastofSouthernCaliforniaoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.AfterdropfromtheB-52Baircraft,theHXLVcarriedtheHXRVtotheseparationpointatavelocityofapproximatelyMach7,analtitudeof95,000ft(28.96km),andadynamicpressureofapproximately1,000psf(47.88kPa).TheHXRVthenseparatedfromtheHXLV,stabilized,andachievedthedesiredenginetestconditionswithin2.5s.Duringtheenginetest,theHXRVmaintainedtheenginetestconditions,collectedfueloffperform