英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)

第三大题Chapter81.HowistheAmericanpopulationdistributed?ThedistributionoftheAmericanpopulationisratheruneventhemostdenselypopulatedregionisthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Thegreatplainshaveacomparativelysmallpopulation.thesouthalsohasapopulationofalmost57.5million.thewestisnotdenselypopulated,exceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikelosAngelesandsanFrancisco.ithasabout20%ofthenation’spopulation.2.Whywastheimmigrationactof1942instituted?Thenewimmigrantsintheunitedstates,beingpoorandaccustomedtopoverty,werewillingtoworkforverylowwages.thismadeotherworkersafraidthattheimmigrantswouldlsandtakejobsawayfromthem.thisoppositionledtotheimmigrationactof1942.Chapter91.WhydidAmericanchangeitspolicyandenterworldwarII?Becauseoftheformationoftheaxis,theAmericangovernmentfearedthattheaxiscountrieswerewiningthewaranditmightthreatenAmerica’ssecurityandinterests.itbegantoprovidewarequipmenttotheforeignnationsresistingtheaggressionoftheaxispower.theJapaneseairraidonpearlharborbecamethedirectcauseforAmerica’sentranceintothewar.2.WhatwereNixon’swell-knowncontributionsduringhispresidency?a)broughttheVietnamwartoacloseb)reestablishingU.S.relationswithchinac)negotiatingthefirststrategicarmslimitationtreatywiththeformersovietunion.3.WhatwerethecontentsofReagan’seconomicprogram?Reagan’seconomicprogramcalledforreductionsinincometaxesandbusinesstaxesinordertoencourageinvestment,anditalsorequestedthatmanygovernmentregulationsbeeliminatedsoastoreducethefederalgovernment’sroleintheday-to-dayoperationofbusiness.Chapter101.WhatarethetwocharacteristicsoftheU.S.constitution?Oneis“checksandbalances”,theotheristhatthepowerofthecentralgovernmentandthepowersofstategovernmentsarespecified.2.Whatarethequalificationsforasenatorandarepresentativerespectively?Asenatormustbeover30yearsold,aU.S.citizenforatleastnineyears,andaresidentinthestatewhichtheyrepresent.arepresentativeshouldbeatleast25yearsoldandaU.S.citizenfornolessthansevenyears.3.Whatarethemajorpowersofthesupremecourt?a)tointerpretlawsb)tohearappealsfromanyfederalcourtcases;c)tohearappealsfromstatecourtcasesthatinvolvetheconstitutionornationallawsd)maydeclarealawunconstitutionale)maydeclareapresidentialactunconstitutional.4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedemocratsandtherepublicansintermsofpoliticalopinions?Thedemocratswantthegovernmenttoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyandemphasizefullemploymentasamatterofnationalconcerntheyfavorcivilrightslaws,astrongsocialsecuritysystemwhichgivesenterprisesagreaterfreedomanddemandthatthegovernmentcontrolinflation.Theystresstheneedforlawandorder,andopposecompletegovernmentsocialprogramsandfreechoiceofabortiontheyalsofavorastrongmilitarypostureandassertivestandininternationalrelations.Chapter111.WhatindustrydevelopmentstookplaceduringthecolonialperiodofAmerica?Duringthecolonialperiod,thesecondaryindustriesdevelopedasthecoloniesgrew.avarietyofspecializedsawmillsandgristmillsappeared.Colonistsestablishedshipyardstobuildfishingfleetsandtradingvessels.theyalsobuiltsmallironforges.bythe18thcentury,regionalpatternsofdevelopmentinAmericahadbecomeclear.2.HowdidthecivilwaraffecttheAmericaneconomy?Afterthecivilwar,thelargesoutherncottonplantationsbecamemuchlessprofitable.northernindustries,whichhadexpandedrapidlybecauseofthedemandsofthewar,surgedahead.3.WhydoesAmericatrytoreducetradebarriers?Becausetheunitedstateshasincreasinglyrealizedthatopenbilateraltradewillnotonlyadvanceitsowneconomicinterests,butalsoenhancedomesticstabilityanditspeacefulrelationshipwithothernations.Chapter121.HowdoesanAmericanuniversitychooseitsapplicants?a)theirhighschoolrecords;b)recommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachers;c)theimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversity;d)theirscoresontheSAT.2.WhatfunctionsdoAmericanhighereducationinstitutionsperform?Highereducationinstitutionsintheunitedstateshavethreefunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice,andeachhasitsownemphasiswithregardtoitsfunction.3.Whatsimilaritiesdofourfamousuniversityshare?Theyallhavealonghistory,theyallhaveanexcellentfaculty,alargenumberofstudentsandhavemadeextensiveacademicachievements.Someoftheirgraduatesareverysuccessfulorinfluentialinsomeareassuchaspolitics,artsandbusiness.4.Whataretheoriginsofthanksgivingday?ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametothenewworld,in1620,themayflowerarrivedandbroughtabout150pilgrims.Lifeatthebeginningwasveryhardandtherewasnotenoughfood,somanyofthemdied.DuringthefollowingsummerthenativeAmericahelpedthemandthentheyhadabountifulharvest.SotheyheldabigcelebrationtothankgodandthenativeAmericans.第四大题Chapter81．WhyistheUnitedStatesregardedasa”meltingpot”anda”saladbowl”?TheUnitedStatesisnotmerelyanation,butanationofnations.Theimmigrantscameinwaves,includingtheEuropeans,theAfricansandtheAsians.Therefore,AmericaisdescribedasameltingpotwherevariousracialandethnicgroupsareassimilateintoAmericanculture.Recently,Americahasbeencalledasaladbowlinthatpeopleofdifferenceracesandethnicgroupsmixharmoniously,butatthesametimekeeptheirdistinctcultureandcustoms.2．Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytohelpassimilationina