逆工业化与工业遗产旅游开发-德国鲁尔区的实践过程与开发模式

:1004-9479(2002)03-0057-09:李蕾蕾(,,518060):,1970,,,,,:;;:F590:A1(Ruhr),,,,[1],,,,,,,,:,,,,,2:-(Nordrhein-Westfalen),4432,(Rhein)(Emscher)(Lippe),,:2002_05_28;:2002_08_21:2001(DAAD):(1969-),,,,11320029世界地理研究WORLDREGIONALSTUDIESVol.11,No.3Sep.,2002,1920,(SVR),(KVR),1999538[2]2.1200,1811,,[3]19,,,(Dortmund)(Essen)(Duisburg),100,205060,,70,(1)80,,198715.1%,8.1%[4]1950(Emscher),[5]11957196019651970197519801985199019952000A15313310169463933271912*B123.2115.5110.991.175.969.264.054.641.625.9A表示德国煤矿的个数B表示德国鲁尔区的煤炭产量(百万吨)*在德国12个煤矿中鲁尔区的煤矿只剩下7个资料来源:GesamtverbanddesDuetschenSteinkohlenbergbaus,SteinkohleJahresberricht[M].Essen:Jahresbericht.2001.2.2:,[6,7],,,[8],,,:(1),,,(2),,,(3),(4),5811,,,4,,,,370,,,,,(Industrialheritagetourism)?3.1,(heritagetourism),,,(industrialarchaeology)19,1950,,250[9],,,,(cornexchange),[10],,,,,,,,(IronBridgeGorge),16,,,19,,,,1960,1980,198611(UNISCO)[11],,10,7285[12],198840,[13],30[14]19931000[10],1998600[15],,,,,,,,,,593::,,,[16]3.2,,,,,,[12],10,4(1):注:IBA是指鲁尔区EmscherPark的国际建筑展InternationalBuildingExhibitionRI表示鲁尔区的工业遗产旅游之路routeindustriekultu1(1),,,,,,,,1980,(2),,,,,,,(Obenhausen)(Gasometer),2000[17],,,,6011,,,(3),,,,,,,,,[2],(4)RI(routeindustriecultural),,RIIBA,RI,,,4,,,,IBA,,;,(),34.1(Henrichshuette)(ZecheZollern/)-(Zollverein),(Harttinggen)1854,1987,,,,,,,(eco-museum)(Dortmund),,,,,[17],,,(Westphalian)(WIM),WIM8(Zollverein)(Essen),1847,,2198612,1989(LEG)(Essen)(BauhutteZecheZollvereinSchachtXIIGmbh),199820019,3,,2000,3613::,,,,,,,,///,,/4.2(LandschaftsparkDuisburg-Nord)(Duisburg),(Thyssen),,1985(LandscapePark),2.3,,,,,,,,,,,,(Gelsenkirchen)(NordsternPark),,,,,,(Emscher),(Emscher),,,4.3(Oberhausen)(Centro)Oberhausen,1758,,(Oberhausen),(Shoppingmall),Centro,,11767(Gasometer)Centro,,Gasometer,(Oberhansen)CentroGasometer,,(Oberhausen),,4.4:,,,,6211,(InternationalBuildingExhibition),IBA,,(Emscher)[18],(Emscherpark)[12]1989KVR10,,,IBA,,,(LandscapeParkDuisburg-Nord)IBA[19]IBA,,,,KVRIBA,1998,,(routeindustriecultural),RI,19612,9(2),19,2资料来源:KommunalverbandRuhrgebiet,TouringtheRuhr:Industiralheritagetrail[旅游宣传折页],Duisberg.2001.3,,50025;,,RI,;,633::,,,RI,,,,,,,5,,4000500,,,,,,,,??,,,??,?,,,:[1].[M].:,2000.32-34.[2]Dege,W.,MargaretheLavier,MartinaKoetters,WulfNoll&KVR(eds.),TheRuhr[M].Essen:KommunalverbandRuhrgebiet.1990.[3].[J].,2000(3-4):37-40.[4]KommunalverbandRuhrgebiet.TheRuhrgebiet:factsandfigures[M].Essen:WoesteDruck,Essen-Keittwig,2001.[5].[J].,1999(3):35-37.[6]Blackaby,F.(ed.).Deindustrialization[M].London:Heinemann.1979.[7]Bluestone,B.&Harrison,B.ThedeindustrializationofAmerica[M].NewYork:BasicBooks.1982.[8]Massey,D.&Meegan,R.Theanatomyofjobloss[M].London/NewYork:Methuen.1982.[9]Palmer,M.&P.Neacerson.Industrialarchaeology:principlesandpractice[M].London&NewYork:Routledge.1998(1):141.[10]Yale,P.Fromtouristattractionstoheritagetourism[M].Huntington:ELMpublications,1998:180.[11]TheIronBridgeGorgeMuseumTrustLtd.TheIronBridgeandTown[M].GreatBritain:Jarroldpublishing.2000.23.[12]Jansen-Verbeke,Myriam.IndustrialHeritage:ANexusforSustainableTourismDevelopment[J].TourismGeographies,1999,1(1):70-85.[13]Becker,C.A.Steinecke&S.Hoecklin,1997,Kulturtourismus:StrukturenundEntwicklungsperspektiven[M].Hagen:47-57.6411[14]Beeho,AlisonJ.&RichardC.Prentice,EvaluatingtheExperiencesandBenefitsGainedbyTouristsVisitingASocio-IndustrialHeritageMuseum:AnApplicationofASEBGridAnalysistoBlistsHillOpen-AirMuseum,TheIronbridgeGorgeMuseum,UnitedKingdom[J].MuseumManagementandCuratorship,1995,14(3):229-251.[15]Woodward,S.Themarketforindsutrialheritagesites[J].insights,Jan2000.21-31.[16]Soyez,D.Industrietourismus[J].Erdkunde.1986,40(2):105-111.[17]Kift,Roy.TourtheRuhr:theEnglishLanguageGuide[M].Essen:KlartextVerlag.2000.[18]Kilper,Heiderose&Wood,Gerald,Restructuringpolicies:theEmscherParkInternationalBuildingExhibition[A].Cooke,Philip(ed.):Theriseoftherustbelt[M].London:UCLPress.1995.208-230.[19]Latz,P.2000,LandscapeParkDuiburg-Nord:themtamorphosisofanindustrialsite[A].NiallKirkwooded.,ManufacturedSites:rethinkingthepost-industriallandscape[M].London&NewYork:SponPress:150-161.De_industrializationanddevelopmentofindustrialheritagetourism:theactualprocessanddevelopmentmodelofRuhrinGermanyLILei_lei(Communicationdepartment,Tourismresearchinstitute,Shenzhenuniversity,Shenzhen518060)Abstract:ThispaperstudiestheRuhrareafromtheperspectiveoftourism.SomenewconceptsandideasofindustrialheritagetourismhavebeenintroducedtoChinascaseforthefirsttime.Withthecontextualintroductiononde_industrializationofRuhrsince1970s,industrialheritagetourismhasplayedaneffectiveroleintheprocessofrevitalizationofRuhrareaineconomic,cultural,socialandenvironmentaldimeusions.MaincontentsofthispaperincludeabriefintroductionontheoriginalideaandpracticeofindustrialarchaeologyandindustrialheritageinBritain,theformationandacceptanceprocessofindustrialheritagetourismandthedevelopmentmodesofindustrialheritagetourisminRuhrarea.Someissuesandpointsattractingourattentioninbothresearchandpracticeforfurtherdiscussionhavealsobeenputforwardinthispaper.Keywords:RuhrinGermany;de_ind