英语专业四级语法重点汇总

English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选一、非谓语动词的主要考点1.有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：meantodo想要（做某事）VSmeandoing意味（做某事）proposetodo打算（做某事）VSproposedoing建议（做某事）forgettodo忘记（要做的事）VSforgetdoing忘记（已做的事）remembertodo记得（要做某事）VSrememberdoing记得（做过）goontodo继而（做另一件事）VSgoondoing继续（做原来的事）stoptodo停下来去做另一件事VSstopdoing停止正在做的事regrettodo（对将要做的事）遗憾VSregretdoing（对已做过的事）后悔2.不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannothelpbutdo”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannotbutdo”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannotchoosebutdo”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“candonothingbutdo”——“不能不做某事”如：“havenochoicebuttodo”——“只能做某事”如：“havenoalternativebuttodo”——“只能做某事”例句：Theboycannothelpbutbegreatlyinfluencedbytheusefulinstructiongivenbyhisfamilytutor.WhenIstartmyjobcareer,IcannotchoosebutlookbackuponthebeautifuldaysIspentoncampus.3.动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：bebusy/activedoingsth.如：It’snogood/usedoingsth.如：spend/wastetimedoingsth.如：havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.如：haveagood/great/wonderfultimedoingsth.如：Thereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.例句：Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受IreallyhaveproblemsolvingthesemathematicquestionssinceIamnotmajorinscienceafterall.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1.形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1)以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerrydidn’tpasstheimportantfinalexam,pleaselethimaloneforthetimebeing.Michaelcamebackfromjobjustnow,andhiseyeswereshutandheseemedtohavefallenasleep.(2)某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3)下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：Thesituationremainstensebetweenthetwocountriesatthisjuncture.在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。Thereisstrongpossibilitythatsuchastyleofmutualcooperationwillproveunworkable.这种合作模式大有可能行不通。2.某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念这些典型词汇总结如下：“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“preferto”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differfrom”、“comparedwith”、“incomparisonwith”、“differentfrom”、“ratherthan”等例句：Aftervisitingatweekends,Ithinktheirvillaissuperiortoalltheothervillasinthecountryside.3.有关比较级的特殊句型(1)notsomuch…as…与其说…还不如说…例句：Themajorreasonforhissuicideisn’tsomuchhisnegativeemotionsashisincapacitytotakecareofhimself.(2)no/notanymore…than…两者一样都不…例句：Itiswellacknowledgedbythepublicthattheheartisnoanymoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrainaltogether.(3)no/notanyless…than…两者一样都…例句：IwasgoodatalmostallsubjectswhenIwasinthejuniorhighschool,andparticularlyspeaking,mathematicswasnoanylessgoodthanphysicsatthattime.(4)justas…so…正如…，…也…（会使用到倒装结构）例如：Justaschocolateisapartofmyfavoritefood,soistheicecream.三、虚拟语气简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。1.与现在事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般现在时改为一般过去时注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might+动词原形例句：IftherewereanEnglishdictionary,wecouldconsultitforthisdifficultword.Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewoulddousafavortomovetheheavybox.2.与过去事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时改为过去完成时should/would/could/might+have+过去分词例句：Ifhehadstudiedmorediligently,hewouldhavepassedtheexamundoubtedly.Ifmyfavoriteteacherhadbeenhereyesterday,Iwouldhavepaidmoreattentiontothelesson.Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.3.与将来事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might+动词原形were+todosthshould+动词原形例句：Ifyoumadegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.Ifyouweretomakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldnotforgetyourteachers.Ifyoushouldmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.混合条件句：主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。例句：Ifyouhadfinishedyourhomeworkbyyourselfyesterday（过去）,youwouldnotcopyother’sanswersinahurry（现在）.Ifyouhadaskedyourmotherhowtocooklastweek（过去）,youwouldknowclearlyeachcookingstepofthedish（现在）.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，则需要倒装。倒装方法：将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。注：如果从句中没有were，should，had，则不能省略if，也不可倒装。例句：原句：Ifmybiggerbrotherwerehere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.倒装：Weremybiggerbrotherhere,hewouldhelpustomovetheheavybox.原句：Ifthechildhadbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.倒装：Hadthechildbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.原句：Ifyoushouldmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.倒装：Shouldyoumakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.虚拟语气词：should很简单，三种形式（1）Itissuggested/requested/ordered,etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词过去分词）+thatsbshould（should可省略）do（动词原形）sth.注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.宾语从句：Isuggestthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.同位语从句：Iprovidedasuggestionthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.（2）Itisnecessary/important/indispensable,etc.（带有主观色彩的形容词）+thatsb(should)dosth.（3）Itisapity/ashame,etc.（名词性词组）+thatsb(should)dosth.虚拟语气特殊句型：Itishigh（high可省略）timethat…该是……的时候了“that…”从句动词可以用（1）过去时（2）should（不能省略）+动词原形例句：Itis(high)timethatweshoulddrawupacontrac