如何写好报告(report)

8大构成部分摘要（ExecutiveSummary）标题（Title）导言（Introduction/TermsofReference）材料收集方法（Methodology/Proceedings）调查结果（Findings）结论（Conclusions）建议（Recommendations）附录（Appendices）（一）摘要（ExecutiveSummary）正式且篇幅较长的报告通常在报告的前面加上摘要。摘要一般不超过一页，是报告的导言、调查结果、结论和建议的内容总结。这部分一般是在整篇报告写好以后再写。三段式：报告的目的、报告的调查结果和结论、报告的建议。一般现在时如“Thisreportshows…”报告摘要中无需引用具体数据。可用“byandlarge、thevastmajority、onlyafew”等语言表达大概的数据或趋势。（二）标题（Title）报告的标题应尽可能概括报告的内容，因为它是整篇报告的信息浓缩，而且标题应该准确、客观.标题应该是名词短语或动名词短语。ReportonImprovingtheTrainingMethodsofHDCReportontheProposedIncentiveSchemeReportontheAdoptionofFlex-timeWorkingSystems（三）导言（Introduction/TermsofReference）在导言部分，扼要地说明一下报告的写作背景和主旨。此外，还应该注明报告提交给何人、何时提交的。LouiseDawson,PersonnelManagerhasrequestedthisreportonstafflatenessatthenewLondonoffice.Thereportwastobesubmittedtoherby20April.·Thepurposeofthisreportisto…investigate/evaluate/study…·Theobjectiveofthisreportisto…recommend/analyze/give…·Theaimofthisreportisto…feedback/estimate/assess…·Enclosedisareportabout...Mr.Xhasaskedmetoreporttoinvestigate/evaluate/study/recommend/analyze/givefeedback/estimate/assess…Asrequestedby…onNovember12,Iamsubmittingthefollowingreportabout…。Uponrequestof…/Hereisthereportconcerning…（四）材料收集方法（Methodology/Proceedings）报告的这部分应说明收集信息或资料的方法和步骤。在报告中注明提供这一信息可以增强报告的真实性和客观性Asampleofworkerswasindividuallyaskedfortheiropinions.Aquestionnairewascompletedbythosewhoweresurveyedinthisproject.Theinformationwasmainlyachievedwithanumberoftelephonecallstomanufacturers.（五）调查结果（Findings）报告的调查结果部分是报告建议的依据，其内容应当准确无误，结构清晰，语言流畅。每一个段落都应当有一个明确的主题句，一般放在段首。Thefindingsoftheinvestigationindicatethat…Itwasproposed/found/felt/discoveredthat…Itwasgenerallythecasethat…Mostpeoplethought/suggestedthat…Anumberofpeoplementionedthat…Severalchangeswereputforward.Severalstaffmembersexpressedtheviewthat…（六）结论（Conclusions）报告的结论部分是写报告的人在报告调查结果的基础上是对调查结果进行总结和解释。同一调查结果会因为撰写者的不同而得出不同的结论，但这部分不应当包括报告前文中没有提到的新的信息。Accordingtothefindingsabove,itcanbeconcludedthat……Fromthetableshown,itcanbeconcludedthat……Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthat……（七）建议（Recommendations）建议往往是许多商务报告写作的最重要部分。一份报告有效程度常常取决于报告中所提供的建议的质量高低。建议部分主要内容为报告撰写人在经过充分的论证后认为应当采取的措施或行动。报告人有时也会描述采取措施后可能出现的后果或情形。recommendation以及recommend后面要用动词原形（虚拟语气）。Thefollowingaretherecommendations……Itisrecommendedthat……Basedontheconclusion/analysisabove,werecommendthat/itcanconcludedthat……Withreferencetotheadvantagesstatedabove,thefollowingrecommendationscanbemade（八）附录（Appendices）正式的商务报告为了增强报告的说服力或真实性往往会有一些附加材料，因其篇幅较长不宜放在报告当中，只能选择放在附录中。这部分内容可能包括图表统计数据、实验室报告、问卷调查等。五、如何提高商务英语报告的可读性为报告提供小标题；使用小段落，尽量做到每个小话题都用一个段落来阐述；段落与段落之间空一行；提供段落的小标题；使用列举符号罗列具体信息；使用星号或下划线强调重点内容。ExampleReportTitle“ReportonImprovingtheTrainingMethodsofHDC”“ReportontheProposedIncentiveScheme”“ReportontheAdoptionofFlex-timeWorkingSystems”IntroductionThereportexamines/explains…Thepurposeofthisreportisto…investigate/evaluate/study…Theobjectiveofthisreportisto…recommend/analyze/give…Theaimofthisreportisto…feedback/estimate/asses…Enclosedisareportabout…Methodology/ProceedingsAsampleofworkerswasindividuallyaskedfortheiropnions.Aquestionnairewascompletedbythosewhoweresurveyedinthisproject.Theinformationwasmainlyachievedwithanumberoftelephonecallstomanufacturers.FindingsThefindingsoftheinvestigationindicatethat…Itwasproposed/found/felt/discoveredthat…Itwasgenerallythecasethat…Mostpeoplethought/suggestedthat…Anumberofpeoplementionedthat…Severalchangeswereputforward…Severalstaffmembersexpressedtheviewthat...(1)恰当的语言风格InformalAboutAskTellfindoutreceivehelpTakepartinbuildbuygiveenoughhardUseFormalapproximatelyinquireinformascertainobtainassistparticipateconstructpurchasecontributesufficientdifficultutilize正式文体避免缩写can’t，don’t，it’s，we’ll，they’ve等等)cannot，donot，itis，wewill，theyhavealot/allot(分配，指派)allright/alright（口语）effect/affectfewer/lesslie/layprincipal/principle