小学英语语法归类1

1小学英语语法复习要点一、名词（1）可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。（2）可数名词复数规则：1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese（3）不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如somewater）,不能与不定冠词连用2名词所有格：1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).2、[注解]：①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)3练习写出下列各词的复数photo____________diary____________day_____________dress_______________thief___________yo-yo___________peach___________juice________________water____________rice______________tea______________man____________woman____________banana___________bus___________child____________foot_____________sheep____________leaf(树叶)________dish____________knife_____________pen____________boy__________baby___________map_____________city____________box__________book___________class____________eye____________office________car____________fox(狐狸)___________watch____________library________pear___________skirt____________shelf_____________cinema__________tomato_________tooth____________wife____________Englishman________paper__________milk___________Frenchman___________postman__________family__________mouse__________people(人们)__________fish_________brush________mango__________Japanese____________sandwich__________policeman____________watermelon______________Chinese_____________strawberry___________match_________________glass__________4短语翻译：1.我的爷爷__________________2.杰姆的房间__________________________2.我奶奶的钱包_______________4.那些学生的书_______________________5.这些工人的外套______________6.那些小孩的父母_____________________9.海伦的同学________________11.汤姆的姑父______________12.我兄弟的钢笔_________________________14.这些医生的杯子________________________16.那些女人的自行车_____________________17.那些警察的裤子____________________。5二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍（1）一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。（2）一般现在时的构成：1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。***注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。）2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。***注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）（3）一般现在时的变化：1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be+其它。如：Heisaworker.他是工人。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)如：Iamastudent.-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。6如：Mybikeisunderthetree.Isyourbikeunderthetree?Whereisyourbike?2.行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Ilikebread.Idon'tlikebread.&&&当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Heofterplaysfootball.Hedoesn'toftenplayfootball.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do,does）如：Ioftenplayfootball.-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Shegoestoschoolbybike.-Doesshegotoschoolbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Shegoestoschoolbybike.Doesshegotoschoolbybike?7Howdoesshegotoschool?（4）动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:8练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______二、用am,is,are填空1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.915.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.GaoShan'sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister'sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang'spencil.23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There______agirlintheroom.25.There______someapplesonthetree.26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom?27._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_______somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI______fromChina.三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DavidandTom______