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助动词的用法授课人:杨琳★WearehavinganEnglishclass.★Ihaveseenthefilm.★Hedidn’tgohomelastnight.★WewillflyforAfricanextmonth.帮助主要动词have构成现在进行时帮助主要动词see构成现在完成时帮助主要动词go构成一般过去时帮助主要动词fly构成一般将来时What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?★HewassenttoEngland.★IwouldflytoSwedenifIwereabird.★HadIlivedinLondon,IwouldhavebeentoLondonBridge.What’sthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?帮助主要动词send构成被动语态帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气1助动词和其他动词一起构成时态、语气和语态。可以用作助动词的有be、do、have和情态动词。帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气★Doyoulikecollegelife?★DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?★Idonotlikehim.★Docallmetomorrow.★Hedidknowthat.What’sthefunctionof“do/did”?构成疑问句构成疑问句构成否定句构成强调结构构成强调结构助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句,以及强调结构。总结:助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种1.助动词be的用法1)be+现在分词,构成进行时态Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。3)be+动词不定式,可表示下列内容:•a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..他下周要去纽约。Wearetoteachthefreshmen.我们要教新生。b.表示命令Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见HowamItoanswerhim?我该怎样答复他?Whoistogothere?谁该去那儿呢?d.表示相约、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2.助动词have的用法1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态。HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。2)have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do的用法1)构成一般疑问句。DoyouwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?DidyoustudyGerman?你们学过德语吗?2)do+not构成否定句。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不想学习。Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3)构成否定祈使句。Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。5)用于倒装句。NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后,我们才认识到英语的重要性说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,notonly...butalso4.助动词shall和will的用法shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我将更加努力地学习英语。HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。说明:现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于各种人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:Heshallcome.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)Hewillcome.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)5.助动词should,would的用法1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。比较:WhatshallIdonextweek?Iasked.“我下周干什么?我问道。可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称。Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。练习1:请在划线处填入适当的助动词。★1We_______gotoLondonfirst.★2ThemodernOlympicGames_______heldin1896,inAthens.★3What______youdoifyouhadabillion?★4Hopeyouwon’thavetowaitaslongaswe_________.Goodluck.★5Asyoucansee,I______escape.★6Hehasmadegreatprogressrecently,andso_______you.willwerewoulddiddidhave练习2:Translatethefollowingsentences.1.你打电话时,我正在洗澡。2.孩子们被照顾得很好。3.我学法语已经三年了4.你去过长城吗?Iwashavingabathwhenyoucalled.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof.IhavebeenstudyingFrenchforthreeyears.HaveyoubeentotheGreatwall?5.我不知道那本小说的名字。6.我确实认为你该去。7.明年你要毕业了吗?8.他告诉我们他要出国学习了。9.下周我就要搬进新房子了。Idon'tknowthenameofthatnovel.Idothinkyoushouldgo.Willyougraduatenextyear?Hetoldusthathewouldstudyabroad.Ishallmovetothenewhousenextweek.1.Jack’sill,sothey______changetheirplans.A.mustB.shouldC.havegottoD.oughtto2.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.A.don’t/hadB.didn’t/haveC.didn’t/hadD.don’t/have5.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseD.wouldrise
本文标题:助动词的用法
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