高三英语状语从句-导学

高三英语总复习语法系列训练状语从句导学宝安高级中学高三英语备课组一、状语从句概说1、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。2、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。3、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有词组。4、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。5、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九种。6、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过去完成时表示。)二、重点1、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,before,after,assoonas,as,while,hardlyhad…when,scarcelyhad…when,nosoonerhad…than,till/until,since,themoment,bythetime等，例如：Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.(Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.)2、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where,wherever(nomatterwhere)等，例如：WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Bamboogrowswellwhereitiswarmandwet.Youmaygowhereveryoulike.有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.3、原因状语从句(1)引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,nowthat(2)because,since,as,for用法比较：㈠、because:语气最强，回答why时用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果关系不能同so连用。Whyareyoulate?Becausethereisatrafficjam.㈡、since:“既然…..”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Sinceyouhavegotenoughmoneywithyounow,youcancomeandbuyitnexttime.㈢、as:“由于….”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。Ashehadbeenreadyfortheworst,hewasnotdisappointedattheresult.㈣、for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.4、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless,(ifnot),onconditionthat,aslongas。注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.Persevereandyouwillsucceed.Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，如：Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,…)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)5、目的、结果状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的连词有sothat,inorderthat;引导结果状语从句的连词有so….that,such….that（2）….sothat….,inorderthat…..引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有can,could,may,might,would（3）so+形容词/副词/分词+that引导结果状语从句such+(形容词)+名词+that引导结果状语从句Heworkedsohardthathemadegreatprogress.ThebookissointerestingthatIhavereadittwice.（4）such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that引导结果状语从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that引导结果状语从句注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达方式。It’ssuchafinedaythatweallwanttogoouting.=It’ssofineadaythatweallwanttogoouting.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为many,few,much,little时，前面则用so，例如：somany+名词+that；sofew+名词+thatsomuch+名词+that；solittle+名词+that比较：somany/fewflowers→suchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney→suchrapidprogresssomanypeople→suchalotofpeopleThereweresomanypeopleinthebusthatIcouldhardlymove.SheputsomuchbutterandsugarinthecakethatIdidn’tdaretoeattoomuch.6、让步状语从句（1）引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although,evenif/eventhough,nomatterwho/what/when/where/which/how(whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however)（2）whoever,whatever,whichever还可引导名词从句。而nomatterwho/what/which只能引导让步状语从句Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,nomatterwhowantedtoseehim.=Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,whoeverwantedtoseehim.I’llgivethebookstowhoeverneedsthem.由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though,that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：①表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.②状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.③谓语动词的倒装：Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.7、方式状语从句1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Heactedas/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?8、比较状语从句（1）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级：as…as…notso/as…as比较级:比较级+than…最高级：最高级+in/of/among…（2）nomorethan和notmorethannomorethan---only只不过，仅仅(嫌少的含义)notmorethan---lessthan不多于，不到（说明客观事实）Hiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.(onlyoneyear,太短了，有感情色彩)Theyfinishedtheprojectinnotmorethanoneyear.(lessthanoneyear,不到一年，只说明客观事实，没有感情色彩)（3）两者中“较….的一个用the+比较级Theyoungerofthetwinsistersismoreconsideration三、难点与易错点1、as,when,while的用法与区别：when:①引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作或状态同时、之前、之后发生。Whentheyarrived,itwasalreadymidnight②从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用as，但不可用while，因为arrived是非延续的动词Whentheclockstruckeleven,allthelightswentout.从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用when。Whenherantothestop,thebushadgone.从句动作在主句动作之后发生，只可用when。③、when=andthen,作并列连词，连接两个分句,when前通常有逗号。意为“这时….就在这时….“Iwaswanderinginthestreet,whensuddenlyIcaughtsightofoneofmyoldfriends.while①、while意思是duringthewholeofthetimethat,指在一段时间里，所引导的从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为“在….期间，在….之时”ShevisitedalotofplaceswhileshestayedinU.S.HefeltasleepwhilehewaswatchingTV.②、while可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表“对比，不同”。中文常备翻译为“而….”MysonlikestowatchboxinggameswhileIwouldratherlistentomusic.as①多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正当….之时”之意Shefellofthebusasshegotdown.②表“边…边…”或“随着….”之意时常用asHewhistledashero