地质英语专业词汇

一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇PhaneozoicEonothem元古宇ProterozoicEonothem太古宇ArchaeanEonothem新生界CenozoicErathem第四系QuaternarySystem全新统HoloceneSeries更新统PleistoceneSeries第三系TertiarySystem晚第三系NeogeneSystem上新统PlioceneSeries中新统MioceneSeries早第三系PaleogeneSystem渐新统OligoceneSeries始新统EoceneSeries古新统PaleoceneSeries中生界MesozoicErathem白垩系CretaceousSystem侏罗系JurassicSystem三叠系triassicSystem古生界PaleozoicErathem二叠系PermianSystem石炭系CarboniferousSystem泥盆系DevonianSystem志留系SilurianSystem奥陶系OrdovicianSystem寒武系CambrianSystem新元古界NeoproterozoicErathem震旦系SinianSystem中元古界MesoproterozoicErathem古元古界PalaeoproterozoicErathem地层对比stratigraphiccorrelation层位horizon标志层keybed哑层barrenbed缺失lacuna尖灭featheredge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angularunconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角truedip视倾角apparentdip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面beddingplanes交错层理crossbedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土siltyclay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentaryrock火成岩igneousrock变质岩metamorphicrock粘土岩claystone,clayrock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceoussiltstone,peliticsiltstone,muddysiltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceoussandstone,peliticsandstone,muddysandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl,marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmaticrock,magmatite花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite石盐rocksalt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite水氯镁石bischofite四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics断层fault正断层normalfault逆断层reversefault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slipfault倾滑断层dip-slipfault断层面faultsurface断层线faultline地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hangingwall下盘footwall落差throw平错heave断层泥faultgouge断层角砾faultbrecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴foldaxis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologicgeology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surfacewater地下水groundwater大气降水atmosphericprecipitation潜水phreaticwater承压水confinedwater层间水interstratedwater地下水位groundwaterlevel含水层aquifer,waterbearinglayer隔水层aquiclude,water-resistinglayer弱含水层aquitard透水层permeablebed孔隙含水层porousaquifer裂隙含水层fissuredaquifer岩溶含水层karstaquifer无压含水层unconfinedaquifer承压含水层confinedaquifer含水岩组water-bearingformation含水岩系water-bearingrockseries持水度water-holdingcapacity给水度specificyield透水性permeability富水性wateryieldproperty溶洞karstcave孔隙水porewater裂隙水fissurewater岩溶水karstwater补给区rechargearea径流区runoffarea排泄区dischargearea地下径流undergroundrunoff地下水排泄groundwaterdischarge降水补给precipitationrecharge地表水补给surfacewaterrecharge越流补给leakagerecharge水文地质单元hydrogeologicalunit地下水赋存条件groundwateroccurrence水文地质条件hydrogeologicalcondition水文地质类型hydrogeologicaltype地下水储存量groundwaterstorage地下水监测groundwatermonitoring抽水试验pumpingtest注水试验injectiontest入渗试验Infiltrationtest水文调查hydrologicinvestigation渗透系数osmoticcoefficient矿床充水floodingoforedeposit矿床充水条件floodingconditionoforedeposit矿床充水水源Watersourceoforedepositflooding矿床充水通道floodingpassageinoredeposit充水岩层floodinglayer老窿水goafwater矿坑涌水量wateryieldofmine正常涌水量normalwateryield最大涌水量maximumwateryield大井法Largediameterwellmethod开采疏干simultaneousdraininginmining地下疏干undergrounddraining地表疏干surfacedraining疏干钻孔drainwell疏干巷道drainingtunnel矿井突水waterburstinginmines突水点waterburstingpoint防水矿柱orepillarpreventingwaterburst矿井堵水waterblockinginmines探水钻孔waterexplorationborehole注浆孔groutingwell最高洪水位maximumfloodlevel七、工程地质engineeringgeology顶板roof顶板稳定性roofstability顶板冒落带cavingzoneoftopwall顶板裂隙带fissurezoneoftopwall顶板管理roofcontrol顶板支护roofsupport顶板崩落collapseofroof底板floor,footwall底鼓footwallheaving岩石物理性质physicalpropertiesofrock岩石力学性质mechanicalpropertiesofrock抗压强度compressivestrength抗拉强度tensilestrength岩爆rockburst软弱结构面weakstructuralplane工程地质条件engineeringgeologiccondition八、环境地质environmentalgeology岩崩rockfall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rockflow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂landcrack地面塌陷groundsurfacecollapse塌陷坑collapsepit地下水污染groundwaterpollution地表水污染surfacewaterpollution污染源pollutionsource地下水资源枯竭groundwaterresourcedepletion地下水质恶化deteriorationofgroundwaterquality九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineralresources储量reserves基础储量reservebase资源量resources可采储量provedreserves预可采储量probablereserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospectivereserves经济的economic边际经济的marginallyeconomic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsicallyeconomic矿石ore矿层orebed矿床oredeposit矿块oreblock矿柱orepillar,orecolumn矿石品位oregrade富矿体oreshoot,orecourse贫矿poorore