初中英语语法复习――动词

Review动词的种类：1.实意动词playgetputwalktakerungocomedo2.情态动词cancouldmustneedmaymightwouldshouldhavetooughttohadbetter3.连系动词bebecomekeepgetturnlooksoundsmellfeeltasteseemstaygo4.助动词dodoesdidwillhave/hashadbe(amisarewaswere)wouldshallshould注有些单词可能有两种。如lookgetturnfeelhavehashad等。但他们在不同的句子中的意思是不一样的。动词的六种基本形式：1.do(动词原形）2.does(动词的单数三人称）3.did(动词的过去式）4.doing(现在分词）5.done(过去分词）6.todo(不定式)谓语动词非谓语动词及物动词和不及物动词:及物动词后面能直接带宾语,而不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语.英语中还有些动词既可用作用及物动词,又可用作不及物动词.如1.Istudypaintingatschool.2.Idon’tknowtheanswer.3.Heisreadingabook.4.Heisreading.5.Isawherdancing.6.Lilyissinging.7.Theboylaughedatlast.(及物)(及物)(及物)(不及物)(及物)(不及物)(不及物)持续性动词和终止性动词:持续性动词是能持续发生一段时间的动作.终止性动词是不能持续发生一段时间的动作,瞬间发生瞬间结束的动作。1.Hergrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.()2.Hergrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.()3.HowlongcanIborrowthebook?()4.HismotherhasbeenawaysincelastTuesday.()YYNNdie____________borrow________jion_________________________open___________leave_____________close_____________buy_____________begin_____________come_____________bedeadbeaway(from)keepbeclosedbeinbeamemberofhavebeonbeopenbehere/stay/live句子的成分:由不同的词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子.一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分.英语的句子成分有八种:主语Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.谓语动词Tomwasverysickatheart.表语Thematchbecameveryexciting.宾语Wehaven’tseenherforalongtime.定语Chinaisadevelopingcountry.状语Theseproductsaresellingquickly.宾语补足语Ifoundwatchingmoviesfrustrating.主语补足语简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句简单句的五种基本句型：1主语+谓语（不及物动词）Myleghurts.Hehasgotup.Theysetoffearly.3主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.Theywanttogohome.2主语+系动词+表语（谓语动词为系动词）Hisfaceturnedred.Myfatherisathome.4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语HegaveTomapresent.HegaveapresenttoTomHeboughtitforhismother.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifounditveryinteresting.6Therebe句型表示存在有Therewillbeasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.therebe结构有各种时态，be动词应遵循就近原则判断下列各句中属于简单句的哪种基本句型1.Itrainedveryheavilylastnight.2.Pleasepassmethesugar.3.MichaelfoundChineseinteresting.4.Ilikeapplesalot.5.Youlooksmarttoday.6.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.7.Theyloveeachother.8.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.9.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.10.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacar.翻译下列句子1明天上午四节课，它们是语文、数学、英语和体育。2康康每天骑自行车上学。3我昨晚做家庭作业和看电视。4请你给我一本有趣的书，好吗？5穿红衣服的那个女孩认识名叫王海的男孩。6游泳是一项很好的运动。7他棋下得很好。8我经常听他唱英语歌曲。9你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？10我有重要的事告诉你。Therewillbefourclassestomorrowmorning.They’erChinese,math,EnglishandP.E.KangKanggoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.IdidmyhomeworkandwatchedTvyesterdayevening.Couldyougivemeaninterestingbook?ThegirlinredknowstheboynamedWangHai.Swimmingisakindofgoodsport.Heplayschessverywell./Heisgoodatplayingchess.IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.例如：1.HelivesinNewYork.2.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreetthismorning.3.Ihelpherandshehelpsme.4.Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.5.Hesaidnothingtohisparents.例如：1.ShecanspeakEnglish,butIcan’t.2.CanIuseyourdictionary?3.Hecouldswimwhenhewasseven.4.MayIborrowyourpen?5.wemustfinishourhomeworktoday.6.Myfatherisnothere.Hemightbeworkinginthegarden.7.Youshouldn’teatbetweenmeals.Itwillmakeyoufat.8.Youneedn’twritetohim,forhewillbeheretomorrow.注：need既可以作情态动词也可以作实意动词。例如：1.Sheisateacher.2.IbecameateacherwhenIgrewup.3.KeepstillwhileIamtakingapictureofyou.4.Thisbaroftenstaysopentilltwelveatnight.5.Silkfeelssoft.6.Theflowerssmellverysweet.7.Ittastesfine.8.Theideasoundsquiteallright.9.Thoughitisspringnow,itremainscoldinthiscity.10.Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.例如：1.Heissinging.2.Hehasfinishedhishomework.3.Doyoulikeschoollife?4.DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?5.Hedoesn’tlikeplalyingfootball.6.Theydidn’tcomeherethismorning.7.Thetrainhadleftbeforehegottothestation.8.Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweekinourschool.助动词是帮助完成时态、语态、句式的，不需要翻译例如：1.Helooksverytired.(系动词，看起来）2.Sheislookingafterherson.(实意动词，看）3.Pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.(实意动词，关掉）4.Herfaceturnedredwhensherealizedshemadeamistake.(系动词，变得）主语是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体.可以充当主语的有:名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句.1.Beijingisabeautifulcity.2.ThefirstisLiLei.3.Threeofusqregoingtherebyboat.4.Weareproudofourcountry.5.Whatmakesyousohappy?6.Surfingisoneofrhemostpopularsportsintheworld.7.Togiveisbetterthantoreceive.8.Whathesaidmademeangry.9.Doesyourfatherlikeswimming?(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(句子)(代词)(名词)谓语是表达主语动作或状态的成分,通常位于主语之后.行为动词可以直接用作谓语;连系动词必须和表语一起构成谓语;助动词和情态动词必须和其他动词一起构成复合谓语.1.Timeflies!2.Hehasworkedinthisschoolfortwentyyears.3.Theflowershavecomeout.4.Theschoolsportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.5.ShecanspeaknotonlyFrenchbutalsoEnglish.6.Youneedn’tworryaboutherstudy.7.Hermotherlooksyoung.8.it’sbecomingaseriousproblem.注:谓语动词一定要反映该句的时态和语态.并且要和主语在人称和数上一致表语是用来说明主语的身份.特征或状态.它们于连系动词之后.名词.代词,形容词,副词,数词,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语和从名等都可作表语.1.Itisalovelyhouse.2.Moneyisn’teverything.3.Shelookedveryyoung.4.Isthedoctorin?5.Theoldmaniseighty-two.6.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.7.Thedoorremainedclosed.8.Seeingisbelieving.9.Whensomeoneisintrouble,weshouldhelphim.10.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(名词)(代词)(形容词)(副词)(数词)(不定式)(分词)(动名词)(介词短语)(从句)宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者.宾语一般放在及物动词之后.英语介词也会跟宾语.可作宾语的有名词,数词,代词,动名词等.不定式也可作及物动词的宾语.还有句子,也就是宾语从句.