对外汉语拼音教学(英文版)

PUTONGHUA1.PutonghuaisthecommonlanguageoftheHanethnicgroupinChina.It'sstandardChineselanguage.It'sMandarinandofficial.It'sbasedonBeijingphoneticsandthedialectofthenorthernChina.2.TheChineselanguageisdividedintosevenmajordialects.Speakersofdifferentdialectsinsomecasescannotunderstandeachother,butdialectsareunifiedbythefactthattheyshareacommonscript.ThesevenChinesedialectsareNortherndialect,Wudialect,Xiangdialect,Gandialect,Mindialect,Hakka(spokeninnorthernGuangdongandotherprovinces)andCantonese.3.Min,HakkaandCantonesearewidelyspokenamongoverseasChinesecommunities.InTaiwanaformofMindialectisused,thoughtheofficiallanguageisMandarin.MandarinisalsowidelyusedinSingapore,whereit'sknownasHuayu.CantoneseismainlyusedinHongkong,MacaoandGuangdongprovince.4.TherearetwosysteminwrittenChinese.Oneissimplified,theotheristraditional.ThesimplifiedisusedinMainland.ThetraditionalisusedbyH.k.Macao,TaiwanandoverseasChinesecommunities.Howdowelearnpinyinwell?1.Todaywewilllearnpinyin.2.Whatispinyin?PinyinisthemarkofphoneticnotationforChinesecharacters.It'smadeofthreeparts:initials,finalsandtones.3.Forexample,pĭnyīn,nĭhǎo,xièxiè,zaìjìan4.Afterlearnthreeparts,weshouldbeabletopronounceeverysingleword.5.Howdowelearnpinyin?Wedivideourpinyinclassinto10classes.Inthefirstorsecondclass,firstlyrecognizeall(threeparts).Secondly,practicegroupbygroup.Thirdly,dosomeexercises.Steps:①带读②解释③方法④放弃Mistakes：①发音部位②发音方法③莫名其妙ü的读法：i→üFirst,trytopronouncei,andthenyourtonguestayshere,graduallypurseyourlips.Tryityourself.ü的标调方法：Whenyouseejqxyinitialgoeswithü,youcanseeu.INITIALSANDFINALSInitialSounds:(22)TheseinitiallettershavethesamepronunciationasinEnglish:(f,l,m,s,(w),(y))m--(asinman)n--(asinno)l--(asinletter)f--(asinfrom)s--(asinstudent)w--(asinwoman)Thefollowinginitiallettershaveslightdifferencesasnotedbelow.Ifthecommentcallsforastrongpuffofbreath,oldyouropenhandseveralinchesfromyourmouthandmakecertainthatyoucanactuallyfeelthebreathasyoupronouncetheletter.p--(asinpunorpop)note:useastrongpuffofbreathk--(asincop)note:useastrongpuffofbreatht--(asintop)note:useastrongpuffofbreathb--(asinbum)note:nopuffofbreathd--(asindung)note:nopuffofbreathg--(asingood)note:nopuffofbreathh--(asinhot)note:slightlymoreaspiratedthaninEnglishThefollowinginitiallettersarethemoredifficultforEnglishspeakers:z--(asinfriends)c--(asinbits)s--(almostthesameasthepronounceofs'inEnglish)zh--(asinjudge)ch--(asinchurch,butwithastrongpuffofbreath)sh--(asinshirt)r--(asinrun)j--(asinjeep)q--(likethechincheese)x--(liketheshinsheep)Final(Ending)Sounds:(39)ThefinalsconnectwiththeIntitialsoundstocreatetheonesyllablewordsthatarethebasisoftheChineselanguage.AlthoughallChinesewordsareonesyllable,theyareoftencombinedtocreatetermsmadefromseveralwords.-a(asinfather)-an(likethesoundsofJohnorangry)-ang(likethesoundofunderorrang')-ai(asinhigh)-ao(asinhoworout)-o(likeaw)-ou(liketheowinloworboat)-ong(liketheunginlungwithaslightoosound)-e(soundslikeuh)-en(likeuninopen)-eng(liketheunginlung)-ei(likealongaortheeiineight)-er(liketheerinherd)-i(likealongeortheiinmachineorsee)-ia(likeyainyard)-ian(similartoyen)-iang(-ifollowedbyang)-iao(likeyowinyowl)-ie(likeyeinyes)-in(asinbin)-ing(likesing)-iong(imergedwithong)-iu(likeyoinyoga)-u(liketheooinloop)-ua(ufollowedbya)-uai(likewiinwild)-uan(ufollowedbyan)-uang(likewangintwang)-uang(ufollowedbyeng,whichexistsonlywithzeroinitialasweng)-ui(similartoway)-un(asinfun)-uo(asinwar)-ü(First,trytopronouncei,andthenyourtonguestayshere,graduallypurseyourlips.Tryityourself)-uan(üfollowedbyan,onlywithinitialsj,q,x)-ue/üe()-un(üwithn,likeFrenchune)Rulesofspelling1.Thefinalsofzhichishirizicisiarei.2.Asforfinalsbeginningwithiwithoutinitials:Ifthereisnoothervowel,justadd'y'tothebeginning:yī,yīn，yīng.Ifthereisanothervowelorothervowels,remove'i'andadd'y'tothebeginning:ya(-ia);ye(-ie);yao(-iao);you(-iou);yang(-iang);yong(-iong)3.ASforfinalsbeginningwith'u'withoutinitials:Ifthereisnoothervowel,justadd'w'tothebeginning:wuIfthereisanothervowelorothervowels,remove'u'and'w'tothebeginning:wa(-ua);wo(-uo);wan(-uan);wang(-uang);weng(-ueng);wai(-uai);wei(-uei);wen(-uen).4.Whenyouseejqxyinitialgoeswithü，youcanseeu.Forexample,Ju;quan;xue;yu;yue;yuan;yun.5.Tonemarksaremarkedonthevowels'aoeiuü'accordingtotheorder.Forexample,kāizhāo.Whenthetonemarkisonan'i',thedotonthe'i'shouldbeomitted.Forexample,jīn,tì,zhǐ.ASforfinalsiuandui,wealwaysputthetonemarksonthelatter.Forexample,diūniúhuīTONES1.DefinitionChineseistonelanguage.BytonelanguageImeanthelanguageinwhicheverywordhasitsspecifictoneortones.2.ImportanceTonescandistinguishmeanings.Differenttoneshavedifferentmeanings.Forexample,thetwopinyinhavethesameinitialandfinal.Theyaredifferentonlyintones.Forexample,mǎiandmài,māandmǎ.mǎiisthethirdtoneandmeanstobuy.màiisthefourthtoneandmeanstosell.3.AvividillustrationofChinesetones.(pitchgraphofthe4tones)Thetonemarks:motherYes?(notfound)Yes！What！Inordertogiveyouabetterunderstanding,Iwillshareyouapitchgraphsothatyouwillknowwhatistonelikevividly.55555443322111Thebig