高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习和答案

虚拟语气虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.（2）表示与过去事实相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn’thavemadesuchabadmistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.1.虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：HadIbeen（=IfIhadbeen）inthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.Shouldtherebe（=Ifthereshouldbe）adrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime？2.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears，thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.3.含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，butfor，inthatposition）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：Butforthehelpfromyou，Iwouldnothavehadthechancetogotocollege.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethehouseatonce.Theleaderorderedthatthetask（should）befinishedassoonaspossible.Heproposedthatwe（should）dealwiththeproblembytheviewofdevelopment.2.与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Thegeneralsenttheorderthatthebattle（should）beheldonuntilthecompletefailureoftheenemy.Myproposalisthatwe（should）setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.3.在Itis/wassuggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：It’srequestedthatwe（should）keepthestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople’speacefullife.Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1.wish，wouldrather后的宾语从句。如：Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2.asif，asthough引导的从句。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.3.由ifonly（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！4.Itis（about/high）time后的定语从句。如：Itistimewewentoutforawalk.Itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparetheexperiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Wouldyoumindsmokinghere？Mayyoubelucky！LonglivethepeopleofChina！Godsaveme.高中英语虚拟语气练习题二．选择题1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotiredA.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprisonA.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhimA.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantodayA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomeworkA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeetA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoingA.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamA.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFridayA.WerehetoleaveB.IfhehadleftC.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnowA.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelpedC.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterdayA.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttodayA.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutitA.didn’ttellB.don’ttellC.hadn’ttellD.won’ttell21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____homeA.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____againA.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediatelyA.hadsentforB