chapter4-unit6 insurance of commodity-students

Unit6Insurance武汉科技大学管理学院潘雅琼WUSTOutline海上运输保险的险别2我国海运保险的基本做法3合同中的保险条款4海上运输保险的承保范围1WUST1.DefinitionofMarineInsuranceItisacontractwherebytheinsurerundertakestoindemnifytheinsured,inmannerandtotheextendtherebyagreed,againstmarinelosses.Intheexporttrade,marineinsuranceisusualtoarrangeanextendedmarineinsuranceinordertocoverthetransportationofgoodsfromthewarehouseofthesellertotheportofdispatch,andfromtheportofarrivaltothewarehouseoftheoverseasbuyer.WUSTRelevantConceptionInsurer:thepartywhoinsuresothersagainstlossordamageandundertakestomakepaymentincaseofloss.Insured:thepartywhoisinsuredagainstlossordamageandtowhompaymentcoveringthelosswillbemade.Insurancepolicy:thecontractmadebetweentheinsuredandinsurerspecifyingtheexactlossestobecoveredandthecoststotheinsured.WUSTRelevantConceptionInsurancecertificate:asimplifiedinsurancepolicy.Premium:thesumofmoneytheinsuredagreestopaytheinsurerforaninsurancepolicy.Insurancebroker:onbehalfoftheinsured’sbenefits.Insuranceagent:onbehalfoftheinsurer’sbenefits.WUST2.Risks,LossesandExpensesMarineRisksPerilsoftheseaNaturalcalamitiesFortuitousaccidentsExtraneousrisksGeneralextraneousrisksSpecialextraneousrisksWUSTPerilsofthesea海上风险Naturalcalamities自然灾害Disasterssuchasheavyweather,lighting,tsunami,earthquakeandflood,ect.Fortuitousaccidents意外事故Accidentssuchasshipstranding,fire,explosion,sinking,colliding,ect.WUSTExtraneousrisks外来风险GeneralextraneousrisksTheyinclude:theft/pilferage,freshwaterdamage,shortage,contamination,leakage,ect.SpecialextraneousrisksTheyinclude:warrisks,strikes,non-deliveryofcargo,refusaltoreceivecargo,ect.WUST2.Risks,LossesandExpensesMarineLossesTotallossActualtotallossConstructivetotallossPartiallossGeneralaverageParticularaverageWUSTTotalloss（全部损失）ActualTotalLoss实际全损Totallylossordamage,ortotallyvaluelessonarrival.ConstructiveTotalLoss推定全损Anactualtotallossappearingtobeunavoidableorbecausethecostofrecovering,reconditioningandforwardingthesubject-mattertothedestinationtowhichitisinsuredwouldexceeditsvalueonarrival.WUST思考题有一台精密仪器价值15000美元，货轮在航行途中触礁，船身剧烈震动而使仪器受损。事后经专家检验，修复费用为16000美元，如拆为零件销售，可卖2000美元。问该仪器属于何种损失？WUSTPartialLoss（部分损失）Generalaverage共同海损Allpartiesinaseaadventure(ship,cargo,andfreight)proportionatelysharelossesresultingfromavoluntaryandsuccessfulsacrificeofpartoftheshiporcargotosavethewholeadventurefromanimpendingperil,orextraordinaryexpensesnecessarilyincurredforthejointbenefitofshipandcargo.WUST共同海损（Generalaverage）载货船舶在海运上遇难时，船方为了共同安全，以使同一航程中的船货脱离危险，有意而合理地做出的牺牲或引起的特殊费用，这些损失和费用被称为共同海损。——《约克安特卫普规则》国际海事委员会（1974）WUST构成共同海损的条件条件1条件2条件3条件4共同海损的危险必须是实际存在的，或不可避免的，而非主观臆断。必须是自愿的和有意识地采取合理措施所造成的损失或发生的费用。危及船、货的共同安全。必须是非常性质的牺牲或发生的费用，并以脱险为目的。WUSTPartialLossParticularaverage单独海损Itisapartiallosswhichissufferedbytheonewhosegoodsarepartlylostordamaged.Whenthereisaparticularaverageloss,otherinterestsinthevoyagedonotcontributetothepartialrecoveryoftheonesufferingtheloss.WUST共同海损与单独海损的区别单独海损共同海损造成海损的原因不同承保风险所直接导致的船、货损失为了解除或减轻共同危险人为地造成的损失损失的承担责任不同由受损方单独承担（可从保险人处获赔偿）由受益各方（船主、货主、承运方）共同分摊WUST思考题海轮的舱面上装有1000台拖拉机，航行中遇大风浪袭击，450台拖拉机被卷入海中，海轮严重倾斜，如不立即采取措施，则有翻船的危险，船长下令将余下的550台拖拉机全部抛入海中。请问：这1000台拖拉机的损失属于何种性质？WUST2.Risks,LossesandExpensesExpensesSueandlaborexpensesSalvagechargesWUSTExpensesSueandlaborexpenses施救费Theinsureracceptsliabilityforchargesincurredbytheinsuredinseekingtopreservehispropertyfromlossortominimizealossthatwouldbecoveredbythepolicy.Salvagecharges救助费Moneyproperlypayableinanawardtoathirdpartyactingindependentlyofcontracttopreservethepropertyinsuredinamaritimeadventurefromaninsuredperil.WUST承保的费用（Expenses）又称诉讼及营救费用或损害防止费用，是指当保险标的遭遇保险责任范围内的灾害事故时，被保险人或其代理人为防止损失的扩大而采取抢救措施所支出的费用。各国保险法规或保险条款一般都规定：保险人对施救费用应承担赔偿责任，赔偿金额以不超过该批货物的保险金额为限。1.施救费用(Sueandlaborexpenses)WUST承保的费用（Expenses）指保险标的遭遇承保范围内的灾害事故时，由保险人和被保险人以外的第三者采取救助措施并获成功，由被救助方付给救助方的一种报酬。救助费用一般都可以列为共同海损的费用项目。各国的保险法规或保险条款一般都规定：保险人对救助费用承担赔偿责任。2.救助费用(Salvagecharge)WUST海运货物保险承保范围全图承保范围风险损失费用海上风险外来风险自然灾害意外事故一般外来风险特殊外来风险全部损失部分损失实际全损推定全损共同海损单独海损施救费用救助费用WUST思考题某货物从天津新港驶往新加坡，在航行中船舶货舱起火，大火蔓延到机舱，船长为了船、货的共同安全，决定采取紧急措施，往舱中灌水灭火。火虽被扑灭，但由于主机受损，无法继续航行，于是船长决定雇用拖轮将货船拖回新港修理。检修后重新驶往新加坡。事后调查，这次事件造成的损失有：A、1000箱货被火烧毁；B、600箱货由于灌水灭火受到损失；C主机和部分甲板被烧毁；D、拖船费用；E、额外增加的燃料和船长、船员的工资。从上述各项损失性质来看，各属于什么海损？WUST5.2.3MarineInsuranceCoveragesBasicInsuranceCoveragesF.P.AW.P.AAllRisksAdditionalInsuranceCoveragesGeneralAdditionalRisksSpecialAdditionalRisksWUSTBasicInsuranceCoveragesF.P.A---FreefromParticularAverage平安险Itisalimitedformofcargoinsurancecoverinasmuchasthatnopartiallossisrecoverablefromtheinsurersunlessthatactualvesselorcraftisstranded,sunkorburnt.TheF.P.A.policyprovidescoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaverageemergingfromactual“marineperils”.WUST平安险的责任范围装卸或转运时货物落海数件的损失自然灾害造成的全部损失共同海损船舶遇海难后发生的特别费用意外事故造成的全部或部分损失发生意外事故前后又遭遇自然灾害造成的部分损失F.P.AWUSTBasicInsuranceCoveragesW.P.A----WithParticularAverage水渍险AsidefromtheriskscoveredunderF.P.Aconditions,italsocoverspartiallossesoftheinsuredgoodscausedbyheavyweather,lighting,tsunami,earthquakeorflood.WUSTBasicInsuranceCoveragesAllRisks一切险Coverageagainstlossordamagefromallperilsexceptthosespecificallyexcluded.A