2015中考英语语法专题复习_动词

1.系动词2.实义动词（及物和不及物）3.助动词4.情态动词系动词：连系表语的词。系动词有词义，不能独立做谓语。Heiswrong.(系词+表语做谓语)一、系动词be（am,is,are,was,were）感官动词(look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)表示发展变化的词(turn,get,keep,become)系动词他是强壮的。Heisstrong.你必须保持健康。Youmustkeephealthy.树叶变绿了。Theleavesturngreen.莉莉似乎很生气。Lilyseemsveryangry.1.Autumniscoming,theleaves______yellow.2.Thegirl_______beautiful.3.Thefood_______delicious.4.Autumniscoming,it______colderandcolder.5.Thatsong________well.turnlookstastesgetssounds能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分为及物和不及物动词。Ihither.Hecuthisfinger.Thesunrises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.hurt-hurt-hurt（受伤、伤害）say-said-saidstand-stood-stoodspend-spent-spentthink-thought-thoughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caughtteach-taught-taughthold-held-heldlend-lent-lentsend-sent-sentleave-left-leftmeet-met-metsweep-swept-sweptsleep-slept-sleptkeep-kept-keptOrise-rose-risenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenOride-rode-riddenOdrive-drove-driven√sing-sang-sungOtake-took-takenOgive-gave-givenfly-flew-flownOknow-knew-knownOthrow-threw-throwneat-ate-eatenforget-forgot-forgottenIlikeit.其中like是实意动词，如何变否定疑问.用do来帮助它，我们把do、does、did等称为助动词。Idon’tlikeit.Doyoulikeit?助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和疑（问句）。常见助动词有五个，be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行，do构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时，shall,will表示将来时1.Iamwateringtheflowers.帮助构成（现在/过去）进行时。2.Tomwashitbyhisfatheryesterday.帮助构成被动语态。小测试：SheisLily.(is是助动词吗？)答案：NO.Ihaveabook.其中have是助动词吗？答案：NO.have/had+V.过去分词现在完成时/过去完成时其中have是助动词吗？答案：YES.用于一般将来时态。will用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称。Shewillfinishherhomeworkintenminutes.ShallItakeanumbrella?ShecanspeakFrenchandIcan’t.什么叫情态动词？表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。HecanspeakEnglishwell,butIcan’t.Wemuststayhere.情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。1.三个都表“能力”could是can的过去式。eg:Icouldn’tspeakEnglish.IcanspeakEnglishnow.将来能力使用shall/will/beableto.eg:IwillbeabletospeakFrench.2.can/could表“请求、允许”could比can更委婉。eg:CouldIborrowyourbook?3.can/could表“怀疑、推测”可能性can‘tbeeg:Itcan’tbeLily’sbag.1.表“请求、许可”might比may更委婉、客气。eg:MayIcomein?MightIcomein?2.“可能”，表推测。可能性maybemightbeeg:Hemaycometomorrow.Hemightcometomorrow.必须不得不1.must表个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须”“应该”用于一般现在时；Imustgonow.2.haveto表客观上的必要。意为“必须”“不得不”除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时shall/willhaveto和过去式hadto。1.这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买台新的。ThisTVdoesn’twork.Wehavetobuyanewone.2.那时我们必须买台新的。Wehadtobuyanewone.3.我们将不得不买台新的。Wewillhavetobuyanewone.I_____studyhard,becauseIwanttogotoBeijingUniversity.I_______goshopping,becausethefridgeisemptynow.musthaveto1.Youarehismother,you_________lookafterhim.2.Youareastudent,you_______studyhard.3.Shewouldbegladifyou______helpher.应该愿意理所应当oughttoshouldwouldmustbecan’tbemaybemightbe既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句1.只作情态动词的有：must,can(could),may(might)2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need，dare3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有haveto,oughtto