高考英语语法：状语从句

2013届高考英语语法复习课件状语从句从句担任状语，在句子中修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它常用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。复习状语从句要掌握如下几点：1．全面掌握状语从句的九大类别，熟悉引导它们的不同连接词的意义和用法。2．准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的易混词的辨析，如：as,when,while,since,because,for等。3．应用状语从句的过程中要注意主从句时态、语气的统一，掌握状语从句的省略形式。4．与其他从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。一、时间状语从句常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)when,while,as,before,after,since,until(till),once,assoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,bythetime等。Whilewewerechatting,shewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall.SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast.Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIfellalseep.二、原因状语从句常见的从属连词有：as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)，now(that)(既然)，consideringthat(顾及到)，seeingthat(由于)等。Asyoudidn'tturnupatyesterday'sget­together,wemissedyouverymuch.Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.三、地点状语从句常见的从属连词有：where(在……的地方)，wherever(无论哪里)。Putthebookwhereitis.四、目的状语从句常见的从属连词有：sothat(以便)，inorderthat(为了)，forfearthat(以免)，incase(万一)等。谓语一般与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等连用。Moststudentsgotocollege(so)thattheycanbeengineers,teachersorchemists.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.五、结果状语从句常见的从属连词有：sothat(结果)(从句中不带情态动词)，so…that(如此……以致……)，such…that(如此……以致……)等。Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.Tomstudiedveryhardsothathepassedtheexam.六、条件状语从句常见的从属连词有：if(如果)，unless(除非)，so/aslongas(只要)，as/sofaras(就……而言)，onconditionthat(条件是……)，suppose(假设)，supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中),themore…，themore…等。Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Suppose/Supposingwecan'tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo?Themorebooksyouread,thehappieryouwillfeel.七、让步状语从句常见的从属连词有：as(虽然)，although(尽管)，though(尽管)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，whomever(无论谁)，whichever(无论哪个)，whenever(无论何时)，wherever(无论哪里)，whether(是否)，nomatter(who,what,where,when)(无论……)，evenif(即使)，eventhough(即使)等。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。Howeverlate/Nomatterhowlateheis,hisfamilywillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whetheritisfineornot,Iwillgoboating.八、方式状语从句常见的从属连词有：as(与……一样)，asif(仿佛)，asthough(仿佛)等。注意：asif/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Hetalksaboutthemoonasifhehadbeenthere.九、比较状语从句常见的从属连词有：as…as,notso(as)…as,than等。Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Americanseatmorethantwiceasmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.2．有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。1)连接词＋过去分词Don'tspeakuntilspokento.Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenneeded.Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.2)连词＋现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.3)连词＋不定式Thewoundedpersonopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1．在时间和条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。We'llgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Don'tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.4)连词＋形容词/其他常见的有ifnecessary，ifpossible，whennecessary，ifany/so,thoughsuspicious等。Thoughcold,hestillworeashirt.Ihavenomoney.Ifany,Iwilllendyousome.3．状语从句与非谓语动词的转换。Aftertheyfinishedthelecture,theylefttheschool.→Havingfinishedthelecture,theylefttheschool.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparkisverybeautiful.→Seenfromthehill,theparkisverybeautiful.Hegotupveryearlyinorderthathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.→Hegotupveryearly(inorder)tocatchthefirsttrain.4．注意区分同一词引导的不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(where引导地点状语从句)Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(where引导定语从句)Idon'tknowwhereheisfrom.(where引导宾语从句)Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(where引导主语从句)Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(where引导表语从句)5．状语从句与定语从句的转换。1)Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.(where引导地点状语从句)→Makemarksattheplaceswhereyouhavequestions.(where引导定语从句)2)Itissuchanadvancedtheorythatfewpeopleunderstandit.(that引导结果状语从句)→Itissuchanadvancedtheoryasfewpeopleunderstand.(as引导定语从句)十一、状语从句考点评析在近四年的广东高考英语试卷语法填空题中，2007年的31题考查了状语从句：Thesunwassettingwhenmycar______(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.(2010年广东高考)Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.【答案】broke这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，考查谓语动词的正确形式。【答案】when考查时间状语的引导词。“当我们收到孩子送的爱的礼物的时候，才能够理解爱”。虽然如此，在平时的测练及模拟试题中较常出现考查状语从句的连词(引导词)填空，在写作中也常常需要使用状语从句。所以，同学们要学会灵活运用状语从句。一、用适当的连词填空。1．Timisingoodshapephysically________________hedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.2．Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,________accompaniedbyanadult.3．________aseriousproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.4．Hewaslookingforthedictionary________hethoughthemighthaveputit.5．Johnthinksitwon'tbelong________heisreadyforhisnewjob.eventhoughunlessWhatwhereverbefore6．Today,wewillbegin________westoppedyesterday________nopointwillbeleftout.7．Herealizedthathishousemusthavebeenbrokeninto________________hegothomeandsawthateverythingwasinamess.8．Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdo________________Iamhappy.9．Youcan'tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary________yougetyourstudentcard.10．Allthedishesinthismenu,________otherwisestated,willservetwotothreepeople.wheresothatthemomentaslongasbeforeif11．Generallyspeaking,_____