中考英语总复习(知识框架篇)

名词名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词：nurse,house,horse,apple,pen集体名词：people,family,class,trousers物质名词：water,paper,air,milk抽象名词：work,housework,homework,information,news,weather名词的可数与不可数1、物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量，也没有复数形式。要表示“一个（只，块，张。。。）”的概念，须加apieceof…,abowlof…,adropof…等。表示“一些，许多”可用：some,any,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,much,等2、集体名词象people,police,trousers,scissors只有复数形式。Family,class等指个体成员时为——，指整体时为———3、有的名词在表示某一词义时是可数名词，而表示另一词义时又是不可数名词。Glass,chicken,paper,exercise,orange名词的数１、单数：___egg,___greendesk,____orange,_____yelloworange,___interestingfilm,___eight-year-oldboy２、复数：词尾加s或es复数的构成规则：bus,box;tomato,potato;radio,photo,piano;match,watch;wish,brush;baby,factory,party;monkey,day;life,thief,knife;不规则：man,woman,child,foot,tooth,mouse,Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,deer复合名词：A.Boyfriend_____,appletree______B.Mandoctor______,womanengineer_______练习１、whichofthefollowingwordsarecountable,whichareuncountable?GiveboththesingleformsandpluralformsWork,music,milk,homework,chalk,child,stamp,watch,match,housework,life,knife,man,policeman,news,paper,tomato,tooth,sheep,coffee,factory,tea,photo,boy,piano,mouse,photo,month,vegetable,newspaper,people,message,information,wolf,wife2.PutthefollowingintoEnglish两张纸，一个姑娘的名字，汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友，二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有６３名女医生和１００男医生，这是Sue和Susan共有的房间3.choice1).Duringthe_____trip,thechildrenlearntalotA.ten-daysB.tendays’C.tendayD.tenday’s2.Idon’tknowwhosemotorbikeitis.Itmightbemy______.\A.neighbor’sB.neighbours’C.neighbourD.neighbours3.______itis!A.WhatafineweatherB.WhatfineweatherC.HowfineweatherD.Howfineaweather4.______arewatchingTVnow.A.Mr.GreenB.TheGreenC.TheGreensD.Mrs.Green5.Doyouhave____timetotakesomeexercise?A.someB.manyC.anyD.afew6.Samis____.ButheisstudyinginChina.A.EnglandB.EnglishmanC.anEnglishD.English7.Iamverythirty.Wouldyoupleasebringmesome_____?A.ricesB.cakesC.orangeD.apieceofbread8.Hedoesn'tknow____Englishbecausehehasstudieditforonly____weeks.A.much,afewB.little,fewC.few,alittleD.afew,alittle9.Iaskedherfor____water,butshedidn’thave___.A.any,someB.any,anyC.some,someD.some,any10.Ican’tplaybecauseIhave____worktodoand___bookstoread.A.many,manyB.many,muchC.much,manyD.much,much11.Hewassothirstythathedrank______.A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswater12.Theshopdoesn’tsell_____.A.awatchB.watchesC.watchD.watchs13.Myfatherboughttwo______yesterday.A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple14.Therearetwelve_____inayear.A.monthB.monthesC.monthsD.themonth15.Therearealotof____downtherebuthardlyany_____.A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples16.There_____sheepinthefield.A.aremuchB.issmallC.isafewD.isalittle17.Wewalkwithour____.A.footB.footsC.feetD.afoot18.Itisnotmydictionary.It’s_____.A.AnnB.Ann’ssisterC.Annsister’sD.Ann’ssister’s19.Mr.Liisafriendof____.A.John’suncleB.Johnuncle’sC.John’suncle’sD.Johnuncle20.___deskisthecleanestintheclassroom.A.Ann’sandTomB.AnnandTom’sC.AnnandTomD.Ann’sandTom’s21.Therearefourchairsinmyroom,oneineach____A.sideB.floorC.wallD.corner22.Wouldyoulikefruit?---Yes,___ismyfavourite.A.tomatoB.beefC.breadD.Thepear代词第一人称第二人称第三人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词IweMeusMyourMineoursyoursyouyouryouSheheittheyHerhimitthemHerhisitstheirHershisitstheirsGiveanexampleofeachprons人称代词使用时应注意1。分清its和it’s:its它的。例如:Theclockhasitsface.it’s=itis例如：It’satoyclock.2.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。例如：Hisbrotherisasoldier.Mineisadriverandhersisanengineer.Ileftmyclothesonthechair.Where_____his?afriendofhis/mine/yours=oneofhis…friends3.Afriendofhis/mine=oneofhis/myfriends;thewatchofhers4.冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如：amycat(wrong)5.This/that+singlenoun;these/those+pluralnoun.6.Inthedialogue,itcanbeusedtoreferto(this/that),theyreferto(these/those)7.That可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词例如：Theweathertodayisfinerthanthatyesterday.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.8.反身代词：A、能写出B、注意搭配例如：SaytooneselfenjoyoneselfByoneselfForoneselfHelponeselfTeachoneselfLilysawherinthemirror.Lilysawherselfinthemirror.It的用法1、用以指前文提到的物，有时也可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人例如：Whereisyourbook?Itisoverthere.Thebabyiscrying.ItmaybehungryWhoisknockingatthedoor?ItmustbeLiLei.2.It也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等Itisrainytoday.ItwillturnoutfinetomorrowWhatisthetime?Itisnine.Itistenminutes’walkfromhere3、作形式主语或形式宾语，没有意义Ittakesmetenminutestowalkfromthere.Ifounditveryhardtolearngrammar.It/that/one用以指前文提到过的单数名词them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词思考1.Thebagisinthemiddleoftheroad.Let’smove____away.2.Ifyouneedaneraser,Icanlendyou_____.3.Ifyouneedtheeraser,Icanlend_____toyou.4.Ihaveanewcoatandsomeold_____.5.Thestoryofmyfatherismoreinterestingthan____ofmine.6.Theweatherhereiswarmerthan____inBeijing.7.Thetemperatureinthedaytimeishalfof_____atnight.7.Theexercisesinthispaperaremucheasierthan____inthemid-termpaper.8.Myradioisbroken.Iwillbuyanew____.结论1、that,those后常跟介词短语（that/those+介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用that替代2、one/ones前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。3、it指前文提到的那个名词◙some/any/no1.Mybrotherdoesn’tneed_____help.2.Ifyouhavegot____questions,pleaseputupyourhands.3.Wouldyouliketohave_____bananas?Yes,I’dliketo.4.Thereisn’t___waterhere.couldyouget