体育场馆经营与管理模式和效益研究

国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究项目项目编号：1110SS07067体育场馆经营与管理模式和效益研究BenefitAnalysisoftheOperationandManagementModesofGymnasiumsandStadiums项目负责人：佟景春单位：吉林省体育局2009年5月体育场馆经营与管理模式和效益研究摘要2008年，“体育”是中国人谈论最多话题。一百年的奥运梦想，在北京实现。人们通过对奥运的参与和了解，提升了自己的健身的意识。人们对健身场所需求的攀升，带来了国家资本和民间资本对体育场馆建设的投入。在建设体育场馆的同时，体育场馆经营与管理模式的确立；体育场馆效益的追求等自身管理问题，客观地、现实地摆在了我们的面前。我国现行体育场馆的经营与管理模式表现形式，由于体育场馆种类、功能、体制等方面的不同，经营与管理模式百花齐放，伴随政治体制的改革而变化着变化；效益成为选择模式的前提，我国从建了场馆后再选择模式，逐渐向建设---管理---经营---效益等元素同时规划选择的模式过度。2008北京奥运会场馆建设的经营与管理模式的展示，人文奥运、绿色奥运、科技奥运带动了体育场馆经营与管理模式新的变化。在科学发展观的指导下，体育场馆的经营与管理模式，更加注重科学性、与城市发展的协调性，环保和可持续发展成为建设体育场馆的前提；更加注重客观环境变化，对体育场馆建设的影响。例如，气候的逐渐变暖，南北方的场馆建设改写了南方没有滑冰馆，北方少建游泳馆的思维模式，体育场馆经营与管理模式也随之发生了变化。我们主要从体制和气候的变化角度来分析经营与管理模式。从体制角度来看，我国现有经营与管理模式主要有单位内部自主经营、承包租赁经营、事业单位自主经营和企业化经营等经营模式，PPP管理模式等管理方式。体育场馆经营与管理体育模式的选择，带来了不同的体育场馆效益。体育场馆产生的效益是经济效益和社会效益。体育场馆的效益与奥林匹克运动、民众需求、国家政府职能密切相关的。体育场馆的社会效益与经济效益要均衡收益。经济效益受消费者的收入、与所在地区经济发展、体育场馆的经营附加值、经营的体育运动项目等因素的影响。我国体育场馆的发展速度远远超出体育场馆管理的能力。体育场馆经营管理模式与效益的研究滞后于体育场馆建设。缺少职业化管理人才，专业化管理的程度还需提高，体育场馆经营与管理和效益的研究，需要结合国情、省情，需要实际方法的运用，需要创新。经过研究我们提出两点建议：1.建议建立体育场馆消费和公费医疗个人账户消费相结合的经营与管理模式2.建议成立培训体育场馆管理者的职业教育机构。关键词：体育场馆；经营管理模式；效益AbstractIn2008,“sportsandgames”arethetopicsthatChinesepeopleoftentalkabout.TheOlympicdreamfor100yearshasbecometrueinBeijing.WiththeparticipationandknowledgeoftheOlympicGames,peoplehaveimprovedtheirownawarenessofhealthimprovement.Therisingofpeople’sdemandforgymnasiumshasbroughtabouttheinputofthenationalcapitalandnon-governmentalcapitalintheconstructionofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Whilethegymnasiumsandstadiumsarebuilt,somemanagementproblemssuchasdeterminationofoperationandmanagementmodesofgymnasiumsandstadiumsandpursuitforbenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiums,etc.areobjectivelyandrealisticallyfacingus.Thecurrentoperationandmanagementmodesofgymnasiumsandstadiumsofourcountryhavemanyrepresentations.Becausethetypes,functionsandsystemsofthegymnasiumsandstadiumsaredifferent,theoperationandmanagementmodesarejustlikealltheflowersinbloomandvaryfromthereformofthepoliticalsystem.Thebenefitshavebecometheprerequisiteforchoosingthemodes.Thegymnasiumorstadiumisfirstbuiltandthemodeischosenandthengraduallytransitedtothemodesimultaneouslyplanningsomeelementssuchasconstruction,management,operationandbenefits,etc.Theexhibitionoftheoperationandmanagementmodesofthevenuesfor2008BeijingOlympicGames,humanisticOlympics,GreenOlympicsandScientificandTechnologicalOlympicshavepromotedthenewchangesoftheoperationandmanagementmodesofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Guidedbytheoutlookonscientificdevelopment,fortheoperationandmanagementmodesofgymnasiumsandstadiums,moreattentionhasbeenpaidtoscienceandharmonywiththeurbandevelopment,environmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopmenthavebecometheprerequisitesforconstructionofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Moreattentionhasbeenpaidtothechangeoftheobjectiveenvironmentandimpactsonconstructionofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Forexample,withtheweathergraduallybecomingwarm,theconstructionofgymnasiumsandstadiumsinthenorthandsouthofChinahasbeenchanged,thatis,thethinkingmodethatthereisnoskatinggymnasiuminthesouthandnonatatoriuminthenorthhasbeenchanged.Viewedfromthechangesofthesystemandtheclimate,theoperationandmanagementmodesaremainlyanalyzed.Viewedfromthesystem,thecurrentoperationandmanagementmodesofourcountrymainlyincludetheindependentoperationintheunit,contractedandleasingoperation,independentoperationoftheenterprisesandinstitutionsandoperationasenterprisesaswellasPPPmanagementmode,etc.Thechoiceoftheoperationandmanagementmodesofgymnasiumsandstadiumshasbroughtthedifferentbenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Thebenefitsproducedbythegymnasiumsandstadiumsareeconomicandsocialbenefits.ThebenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiumsarecloselyrelatedtotheOlympicGames,people’sdemandandnationalgovernmentalfunctions.Thesocialandeconomicbenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiumsshallbebalanced.Theeconomicbenefitsareinfluencedbysomefactorssuchasconsumers’income,economicdevelopmentintheareawherethegymnasiumsandstadiumsarelocated,additionalvalueofoperationofgymnasiumsandstadiumsandoperatedsportsandgames,etc.Thedevelopmentspeedofgymnasiumsandstadiumsofourcountryisfarmorethanthemanagementcapabilityofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Thestudyoftheoperationmodesandbenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiumslagsbehindtheconstructionofgymnasiumsandstadiums.Thereislackofprofessionalmanagementpersonnel,thespecializedmanagementshallbeimprovedandthestudyoftheoperation,managementandbenefitsofgymnasiumsandstadiumsshallbecombinedwiththenationalsituationandtheprovincialsituation,theactualmethodsshallbeusedandinnovationshallbemade.Withthestudy,thefollowingtwosuggestionsarepresented:1.Buildtheoperationandmanagementmodecombiningtheconsumptioningymnasiumsandstadiumswiththepersonalconsumptionaccountsofpublicmedicaltreatment.2.Buildtheinstitutionsoftrainingtheadministratorsofgymnasiumsandstadiumsandvocationaleducation.Keywords:gymnasiumsandstadiums,operationandmanagementmodes,benefits目录1前言..................................................................................................................................12研究对象与方法.....................