英文论文里的reference分类详解及用例

LEAP:ReadingandWriting1GuidetoReferencingSourcesCompanionWebsitePlusStudentSection©ERPI.ReproductionauthorizedsolelyforusewithLEAP:ReadingandWritingLEAP:ReadingandWritingGuidetoReferencingSourcesHerearesomebasiccitationformatswithexamplesofhowtoreferencesourcematerialaccordingtoAPAstyle.Yoursourcesshouldbelistedinalphabeticalorder,accordingtotheauthors’lastnames.REFERENCINGABOOKLastname,FirstInitial.,&Lastname,FirstInitial.(Year).Booktitle:Subtitle.(Edition)[ifotherthanthe1st].Place:Publisher.Davis-Floyd,R.,&St.John,G.(1998).Fromdoctortohealer:Thetransformativejourney.NewBrunswick,NJ:RutgersUniversityPress.REFERENCINGACHAPTERINABOOKWITHANEDITOREssayAuthor’sLastname,FirstInitial.(Year).Essaytitle.InEditor’sFirstInitial.LastName(Ed.),Booktitle(pp.#–#).Place:Publisher.Tauber,A.I.(1995).Fromtheselftotheother:Buildingaphilosophyofmedicine.InM.A.Grodin(Ed.),Metamedicalethics:Thephilosophicalfoundationsofbioethics(pp.158–95).Dordrecht,TheNetherlands:Kluwer.REFERENCINGANACADEMICJOURNALORAMAGAZINEWITHOUTADIGITALOBJECTIDENTIFIER(DOI)Lastname,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Articletitle.Journal/MagazineTitle.Volume/Issuenumber,pagenumbers[inclusive:thepagenumbersoftheentirearticle].Engel,G.L.(1977,April8).Theneedforanewmedicalmodel:Achallengeforbiomedicine.Science,196,129–136.REFERENCINGANACADEMICJOURNALWITHADIGITALOBJECTIDENTIFIER(DOI)Lastname,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Articletitle.Journal/MagazineTitle.Volume/Issuenumber,pagenumbers.doiErnst,E.,&Posadzki,P.(2011,December15).Complementaryandalternativemedicineforrheumatoidarthritisandosteoarthritis:Anoverviewofsystematicreviews.CurrentPainandHeadacheReports,15(6),431–437.doi:10.1007/s11916-011-0227-xREFERENCINGANEWSPAPERAuthor’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Articletitle.NewspaperTitle,pagenumbers.Schwartz,J.(1993,September30).Obesityaffectseconomic,socialstatus.TheWashingtonPost,pp.A1,A4.LEAP:ReadingandWriting2GuidetoReferencingSourcesCompanionWebsitePlusStudentSection©ERPI.ReproductionauthorizedsolelyforusewithLEAP:ReadingandWritingREFERENCINGANEWSPAPERCONSULTEDONLINEAuthor’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Articletitle.NewspaperTitle.RetrievedfromURLofarticle’shomepagePicard,A.(2011,October31).Weneedahealthcareplanforboomersnow.TheGlobeandMail.Retrievedfrom(FirstInitial.Lastname,personalcommunication,MonthDay,Year)Dr.Jennerexplainedtheimportanceofvaccines(E.Jenner,personalcommunication,November3,2002).REFERENCINGASPEECHORLECTUREAuthor’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Speechtitle.SpeechpresentedatLocationofSpeech.City,Province/State.Note:Thisisforspeechesorlecturesyouattended;forspeechesyouhaveheardorreadaboutelsewhere,referencethesource.Hagen,S.(2011,September29).Decodingskills.SpeechpresentedatAmazingMinds.Whistler,BC.REFERENCINGANAUDIOPODCASTProducer’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Podcasttitle.Hostingseriestitle[Audiopodcast].RetrievedfromURLofpodcast’shomepageNote:Someofthisinformationmaynotbeavailable,butprovideasmuchofitaspossible.O'Reilly,T.(2011,March12).Burntheboats:Brandsthatriskedandwon.Theageofpersuasion[Audiopodcast].Retrievedfrom’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Videotitle.Hostingseriestitle[Videopodcast].RetrievedfromURLofpodcast’shomepageNote:Someofthisinformationmaynotbeavailable,butprovideasmuchofitaspossible.Beatty,K.(n.d.)SevenwaysnottolearnChinese:Languagelearningintrospection[Videopodcast].Retrievedfrom=QO7gw5ELmSsLEAP:ReadingandWriting3GuidetoReferencingSourcesCompanionWebsitePlusStudentSection©ERPI.ReproductionauthorizedsolelyforusewithLEAP:ReadingandWritingREFERENCINGANONLINEGRAPHIC,CHART,TABLEORMAPOrganizationName.(Year,MonthDay).Graphictitle.RetrievedfromURLofgraphic’shomepageNote:Ifnotitleisavailable,thenincludeashortdescriptioninsquarebrackets.Worldmapper.(n.d.)Vaccinepreventabledeaths:Mapno.380.Retrievedfrom=380REFERENCINGONLINELECTURENOTES/MATERIALSAuthor’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Year,MonthDay).Presentationtitle[formatofpresentationmaterials].RetrievedfromURLofarticle’shomepageLeighton,J.P.(2007,November22).Cultivatingaflexiblemind:Canyoulearnhowtolearnforlife?[PDFdocument].Retrievedfrom’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Producer),&Director’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Director).(Year).Titleofmotionpicture[Motionpicture].CountryofOrigin:StudioorDistributor.Bender,L.,Burns,S.Z.,David,L.(Producers),&Guggenheim,D.(Director).(2006).Aninconvenienttruth.[Motionpicture].USA:LawrenceBenderProductions&ParticipantProductions.REFERENCINGATELEVISIONBROADCASTProducer’sLastName,FirstInitial.(Producer).(Year,MonthDay).