中美教育差异(英文加强版)

中美教育差异EducationDifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesdifferencesadministrativesystemA:parallelfederalgovernment:serveforeducationlikeofferingeducationalfinance,collectingeducationalinformationanddoingresearches.•Authorityabouteducation•Stategovernmentandeducationalcommittee•Localgovernmentandschoolboard(学区教育委员会)•Headmaster:Principleaccountabilitysystem•Advantages:stimulatethemotivationoflocaleducation•Disadvantages:noanoverallpoliticalplanandobjective,whichleadtoimbalanceC:verticalcentralizededucationsystem•Advantages:havingancommonplanwithauthority.•Disadvantages:localeducationhasnomotivationandautonomy.EducationalsystemA:12yearscompulsoryeduction.Thesystemincludes70%publicschooland30%privateschool.C:9yearscompulsoryeducation.Mostofourschoolarepublic.美国义务教育图片中美义务教育表格1.Philosophy2.Goal3.Intheclass4.Relationshipbetweenteacherandstudent5.Examinationsystem6.Classsize7.Schoolreportcard8.Textbook9.Extracurricularactivities10.Collegeentranceexamination11.Assessment12.HighereducationDifferencesEducationPhilosophy•A：selectivelearning•C:arrangedlearningEducationalgoal•A:Creativity•C:Masteroffundamentalknowledgeclass•A：freetodisagreewiththeteacher•C：willbecriticisedbytheteacheratmosttimes•Chinesestudents:donotaskquestionseventhoughtheydonotknow,believethatsittinguprightistherespectforteachers,teachersoftenstandontheplatformandtheyhaveagreatdistancewithstudents,whichwillmakestudentsfeelteachersareinaprominentposition,afraidofthem.Americanstudents:askquestionsactivelynomatterhowclevertheyare,sitindisordersothattheycancommunicatewiththeirteachersmoreconvenient,teachersoftenhavelessonsbelowthepodium,andtheywillapproachtheirstudentsandchatwiththematpleasuresothatstudentscangetonwellwiththeirteachersTeachingmethodsA:students-orientedmethod•Teacher'sdutyistomotivateanddirect.Studentshavefullfreedomtointerruptandquerytheirteachers.Advantages:studentshavemoremotivationtofigureoutwhattheydonotunderstand.Theirinnovationandcapabilitiesofself-studyarecultivated.Disadvantages:theirclassisnotformalenoughandthecontentissimple.Itisnogoodfortheirbasicknowledge.C:teachers-orientedmethod•Teacher'sdutyistogivestudentslargeamountofknowledgeandformalizetheirdailybehavior.Advantages:thecontentisfocusontheory,andstudentscandevelopgoodbasis.Disadvantages:studentsdowhattheyaretoldtodo.MostofChinesestudentshavenocapabilityofself-studyandqueryauthority.RelationshipbetweenTeacherandStudent•A：friendship•C：teacher-studentrelationshipInChina:arelationshipbetweentheelderandjunior,paternalisticrelationship,reportedlowerlevelsofabsoluteobediencefromthehigherlevelrelationships.Whenstudentsseeteachers,theywillfeelnervous,andthenbowtosayhello.IntheUnitedStates:morelikefriends,likethekindofrelationshipbetweencolleaguescanbeclosetogether.Studentswillsmileandsayhellototeachersatpleasure.ExaminationsystemA：aimatfindingoutshortageandthenmakeitupC：aimatobsoletingandhighereducationAfterexam•InChina:teacherswillholdameetingwithparentsaftertheexamination,andtheywillmakethegradespublicinfrontofalltheparents,sometimesteacherswillcriticizethestudentswhohavepoorgrades.Theassessmentofteacheralsodependsonthestudenttransitionrate,excellentrates.Studentsgrowundersuchamechanismupto12years,itisobviousthattheirpsychologicalpressureisheavy.•IntheUnitedStates:Theschoolreportsareregardas‘privacy’.Teachersonlygiveparentstoseetheirownchildren’sgrades,wholeclassresultswillnotbepublished.Classsize•A：small(Notmorethan30)•C：large(usually45orso)Attitudetowardsachievement•A:private，notpunished，paylessattention•C:public，paymuchattentionTeachingmaterials•A：easyandcomingfromlife•operationalability，innovationability•C:fundamentalknowledgeineveryaspect（calculating,language,science,historyandsoon）ExtracurricularActivities•A：abundantactivities•C：fewactivitiesCollegeentranceexamination•A:SAT(SAT，全称ScholasticAssessmentTest，中文名称为学术能力评估测试。由美国大学委员会（CollegeBoard）主办，SAT成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国名校学习及奖学金的重要参考)•C:高考(NCEE,NationalCollegeEntranceExamination)AssessmentA:testingstudents'overallcapabilitiesliketheirpracticeandtheirinnovativeideas•Annualassessment:identifywhereteacher'sstrengthsandweakness.Evaluateschoolandschooldistricts•A:ProprietyStandards；UtilityStandards；FeasibilityStandards；AccuracyStandardAssessment•C：takingexamstoteststudents'memoryaboutwhattheystudiedgrade((threegood”student(goodinstudy,attitudeandhealth))enrolmentrate；proficiency；rankingHighereducation•A:Preandpost(collegeandschool(PREFESSIONALSCHOOLandACADEMICSCHOOL)•C:College(undergraduateandpostgraduate)Myopinions…Educationissomewhatareflectionofanation’scultureandtraditions.Everycoinhastwosides,weshouldtakeanobjectiveandrationallookatthetwokindsofeducationespeciallythatofChina.Ifirmlybelievethatdifferenteducationissuitablefordifferentcountries,andweshouldn’ttotallyrepudiateoureducationsystem.Wehavetoperceivethatourcountryistryingtoreformtheeducationsystemtowardsaquality-orientedinternationalanddiversifieddirection.Idothinkthatoureducationwillbebetterinthefuture!