定语从句和课后翻译

1.Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.2.HangZhouisafamouscityinChina,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangry.4.YouaretalkingtotheoldmanwhosawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.Theoldman,whoyouaretalkingto,sawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.5.ThewomanrememberedthedaywhenshesawNazisburyingsomethingnearherhome.6.StPetersburgisaverybeautifulcity,whichwasoncecalledLeningrad./StPetersbury,whichisoncecalledLeningrad,isaverybeautifulcity.7.IrememberthesoldierwhotoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.8.Thesoldiermovedtheboxestoamine,wheretheywantedtohidethem.9.Xi’anisoneofthefewcitieswhosecitywallsremainasgoodasbefore.10.ShaanxiProvinceisaplacewhose/whereculturalrelicsarewelllookedafter.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性与先行词的关系非常紧密，它所修饰的先行词代表一个或一类特定的人或物，说明先行词的性质，身份，特征等，如果去掉，意思会含糊不清。翻译时常译为定语Anurseisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.Thisisakindofplantwhichadaptstolivingindrycondition.非限制定语从句起补充作用，缺少也不会影响对全句的理解，在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开，翻译时常译为并列句。YesterdayheleftforChina,wherehewouldstayedfortwoyears.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.使用非限制性定语从句的情况：1当先行词指代整个主句的内容时(这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数）Shesaidshehadsucceededintheexam,whichIdoubtedverymuch.2.当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词,被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时WeallhonorandrespectAlbertEinstein,whoisthegreatestphysicistintheworld.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句3.先行词指的是某一个人仅有的一个亲属时Myfather,whoisanexcellentviolinist,isgivingaconcertnextmonth.4.当出现some/many/few/afew/little/much/most/…百分数/分数/形容词最高级+ofwhom/which时Ihavethreebrothers,twoofwhomareworkers.几种特殊形式的定语从句：1分隔式定语从句为了某种特殊需要，定语从句与先行词分隔开的定语从句，二者之间可以被介词短语，同位语，谓语动词分隔开来Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.Theprofessorissleepingwhohasjustcomeback.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.2.插入式定语从句（在关系代词和定语从句中插入一个句子）Isuggestyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkisveryimportant.ThisisMrWhite,whoIthinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.3.省略式定语从句（介词+关系代词+不定式，可与介词+关系代词+定语从句转换）注意：主句的主语必须和不定式的逻辑主语一致，否则不可省略。Shehasalotofthingswithwhichtodealwith.(=withwhichsheshoulddeal)Ihadonly10yuanwithwhichtobuyherapresent.4.多重定语从句（即两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词）注意“在这种从句中，第二个及以后的所有关系代词不可省略，否则可能产生歧义HesaidhewouldneverforgetthemomentwhenhefirstmetTomandwhichheregardedasthehappiestinhislife.5.关系副词where之前一般不加介词，但fromwhere是个列外，这时where指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词Theystoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwherewehadagoodviewofthewholegarden.6.关系代词than引导的定语从句Fewerpeoplethanwehadexpectedwerepresent.Youspendmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.(超过预定数额）7no(never,not)+先行词+but(准关系代词）=that..not=who…not没有不。。。样的Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim(=nomanwhodidn’tadmirehim)Thereisnodifficultybutmaybesmoothedaway=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.8.当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词并在定语从句中做相当于地点状语，表示情况，方面，处境时，关系副词用whereI’llshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，也可放于句中，句末，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。