乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险评估

顾欣,黄士新,李丹妮,张文则,严凤,张鑫,吴剑平(,201103)[]2010-04-19[]A[]1002-1280(2010)09-0045-06[]S859.83[]全面综述了乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险介绍了硫氰酸盐在生鲜乳中保鲜使用情况,乳中硫氰酸盐的正常生理浓度和检测方法,乳及人体内硫氰酸盐的来源和影响因素,乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的毒性作用及风险评估[]乳;硫氰酸盐;毒性;风险评估:(1969-),,,,E-mai:[e-mail]entofThiocyanateinMilkGUXin,HUANGShi-xin,LIDan-n,iZHANGWen-ze,YANFeng,ZHANGXin,WUJian-ping(ShanghaiMunicipalInspectionInstituteforVeterinaryDrugsandFeedstuffs,Shanghai201103;China)Abstract:Thispaperoverallsummarizedtherisksofthiocyanateinmilktohumanhealth,includingtheuseofthiocyanateforpreservationofrawmilk,thenormallevelsandanalyticalmethodsofthiocyanateinmilk,thesourcesandinfluencingfactorsofthiocyanateinmilkandhumanbody,thetoxiceffectsandhumanhealthriskassessmentofthiocyanateinmilk.Keywords:milk;thiocyanate;toxicity;riskassessment,,,,,(),,,;,,11.1国外概况,1991,WHOFAOCAC/GL13-1991[1],//,,(HOSCN),(OSCN-),,,,,,,,,,,,,1.2国内概况1995GB/T15550-1995!45!2010,44(9):45~49,52/,[2],15mg/kg,,1996GB2760-1996[3],0.3%2.0mL/L15.0mg/L,2005GB/T15550-1995,2007GB2760-2007,20081212(),22.1显色分光光度法CAC/GL13-1991[1],,,(TCA),,,460nm1~2mg/kg2.2离子色谱法(IC),,2009,,,OnGuardRP(),,,,0.1mg/L(PAD),,5~7d,[4](DAD),,[5],,,2.3离子色谱-质谱分析法(IC-MS或IC-MS/MS)(MS),2006,Dyke[6],IC-MS,,16000r/min,10kDa,306090g/L(96.4∀3.3)%,MartinelangoIC-MS[7],(S/N=3)0.10g/LValentin-Blasini[8]IC-MS/MS-(NIS),KaS13CN,(98%)(RSD5.2%),,,3,2.3~35mg/L,,8mg/L[9],6~12mg/L,8.5mg/L;6.6~8mg/L,7mg/L[10],5.8~8.12mg/L,,2.9~34.8mg/L33.4mg/kg(RSD=8.7%),2.48mg/kg(RSD=13%)[5]0.1~0.4mg/L,5.6g/L[11],,1000,,,,10~300mg/L[12]4,,,,,,,,,100mg/L,120mg/L,200mg/L!46!2010,44(9):45~49,52/,,,1~2[13],764mg/kgb.w.[14],,4.1抑制甲状腺碘吸收,SCN-,,(T4),(60~80mol4.8~6.4mg/L),(0.5~1.0mol),,[15],,1g38g,8.7g15g,,,,11g/L(5.6~6.5)[16],5~8.5mg/L[4-5,10],/769,5000g/L575g/L,100,,4.2抑制碘-钠转运体(NIS)的碘转运,-(NIS),NIS125I(NaINaBrNaClO4NaClO3NaSCNNaReO4)[17],NaClO4NaReO4NaSCNNaClO3NaBr,NIS,,100mol/L,,NIS4.3抑制乳腺中碘转运,Brown-Grant[18],,,/131I20,,,,,,,5,(),()5.1动物饲料,(),()(100mg/kg),(100~3100mg/kg)(10~462mg/kg)(68~468mg/kg)(2450mg/kg)(6.2mg/)(8000mg/kg)(2500mg/kg)[19],,,,,,,,,[20],,5.2保鲜剂5mg/L,,,CAC[1],15mg/kg,,!47!2010,44(9):45~49,52/,20mg/L66.1植物性食物,,,,,,,6.2生鲜乳,,,,[21],[22]6.3吸烟,0.1~0.4mg/L,5~20mg/L[23],,52%,,6.4工业污染,,[24],,7,200~400mg/L[25],,8mg,12,,()[22]CAC[1],10~15mg/L,20mg/L,[9],10~20200mL,3mg,30g,1g8g(GEMS),132.8~9.5mg,,5.9~21.2mg1990,(JECFA)35,CAC[1],,10(2mg/L),,/(SCN/I),3,100g,SCN/I2,[26](TSH)(T4),,,100g/L,19mg/L(3.6mg/L),4.75mg,[27]Ayangade[28],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10kg,500mL(20mg/L),1mg/kgb.w.,(6mg/L)0.3mg/kgb.w.,1000,,,,!48!2010,44(9):45~49,52/,,F3442/(),F3443.2g/L,,[29]8,:(1),,;(2),;(3),;(4),,;(5),,,,,,,,:[1]CAC/GL13-1991.GuidelinesforthePreservationofRawMilkbyUseoftheLactoperoxidaseSystem[S].[2]GB/T15550-1995.[S].[3]GB2760-1996.[S].[4]ChengJ,JandikP,AvdalovicN.PulsedAmperometricDetectionofSulfide,Cyanide,Iodide,Thiosulfate,BromideandThiocyanatewithMicrofabricatedDisposableSilverWorkingElectrodesinIonChromatography[J].AnalyticaChimicaActa,2005,536(1/2):267-274.[5]NiemannR,AndersonD.DeterminationofIodideandThiocyanateinPowderedMilkandInfantFormulabyOn-lineEnrichmentIonChromatographywithPhotodiodeArrayDetection[J].JournalofChromatographyA,2008,1200(2):193-197.[6]DykeJV,KirkAB,KalyaniMartinelangoP,etal.SampleProcessingMethodfortheDeterminationofPerchlorateinMilk[J].AnalyticaChimicaActa,2006,567(1):73-78.[7]MartinelangoPK,GmsG,DasguptaPK.MatrixInterferenceFreeDeterminationofPerchlorateinUrinebyIonAssociation-ionChromatography-MassSpectrometry[J].AnalyticaChimicaActa,2006,567(1):79-86.[8]Valentin-BlasiniL,BlountB,DelinskyA.QuantificationofIodideandSodium-IodideSymporterInhibitorsinHumanUrineUsingIonChromatographyTandemMassSpectrometry[J].JournalofChromatographyA,2007,1155(1):40.[9]PonceC.ReportsofFieldStudiesfromCubaandOtherSouth-AmericanandCentral-AmericanCountriesPresentedattheTechnicalMeetingontheBenefitsandPotentialRisksoftheLP-SystemofRawMilkPreservation[R].Rome,2005.[10]FontehF,GrandisonA,LewisM.VariationsofLactoperoxidaseActivityandThiocyanateContentinCows#andGoats#MilkthroughoutLactation[J].JournalofDairyResearch,2002,69(3):401-409.[11]KirkA,DykeJV,MartinC,etal.TemporalPatternsinPerchlorate,Thiocyanate,andIodideExcretioninHumanMilk[J].EnvironmentalHealthPerspectives,2007,115(2):182-186.[12]BjrckL,ClaessonO,SchulthessW.TheLactoperoxidase/Thiocyanate/HydrogenPeroxideSystemasaTemporaryPreservativeforRawMilkinDevelopingCountries[J].Milchwissenschaft,1979,34(12):726-729.[13]SchererG.CarboxyhemoglobinandThiocyanateasBiomarkersofExposuretoCarbonMonoxideandHydrogenCyanideinTobaccoSmoke[J].ExperimentalandToxicologicPathology,2006,58(2/3):101-124.[14]FAO/WHO.EvaluationoftheHazardstoConsumersResultingfromtheUseofFumigantsintheProtectionofFood[R].FAOMeetingReportNo.PL/1965/10/2WHO/FoodAdd/28.65,1965.[15]GreenWL.MechanismofActionofAntithyroidCompounds,intheThyroid(4thed.)[M].NewYork:HarperandRowPublishers,1978:41-51.[16]KrynitskyA,NiemannR,NortrupD.DeterminationofPerchlorateAnioninFoodsbyIonChromatography-TandemMassSpectrometry[J].AnalyticalChemistry,2004,76(18):5518.[17]VanSandeJ,MassartC,Be