paragraph-writing-段落写作

ParagraphWriting•Structureofaparagraph•Topicsentence•Paragraphunity•Paragraphcoherence•Waysofdevelopingaparagraph•Introductory&concludingparagraphWhatisaparagraph?Aparagraphisanumberofsentencesthatdevelopanidea.StructureofaparagraphSetofthree:topicsentence—supportingdetails—concludingsentenceStructureofaparagraphTwointegralpartsofaparagraph•Itshouldhaveatopicsentence,thesentencethatsumsupwhattheparagraphisabout.•Itshouldhavesupportingdetailsthatprovideexplanationsdetailsorproofofwhatisstatedinthetopicsentence.Howtowriteanidealtopicsentence?•Makeasinglepoint.(Aparagraphthattriestodealwithtwotopicsatthesametimeconfusesthereader.)•Makeadiscussiblepoint.(Atopicsentenceshouldstateyourownopinion,pointofview,orfeelingsonthetopic,notafact.Itshouldgiveyousomethingtosay.)•Don’tbetoonarrow.(Ifyourtopicistoonarrow,itisdifficulttofindsometoaddtoitanditisseldomdiscussible.)•Don’tbetoobroad.(Abroadtopicsentencemeansyouhavetoobigatopicdealwithinaparagraph.)Howtowriteanidealtopicsentence?Exercises•Ourmathteacherisknowledgeablebutnotverypatient.•Myneighborhoodisbeautiful,andithasbiggestshoppingmallintown.•Mygrandmais68.•Itisimportanttoformgoodhabitwhenyouareyoung.•Myunclesmokes.•IwatchedaCBAgameyesterday.•Onmyfirstdayofschoolmyfatherdrovemethere.•Therearemanyimportantdaysinmylife.•Computersarewidelyusedinschools.•Smokingisharmfulforthehealth.ParagraphunityAunifiedparagraphcontainsonlysentencesthatexplainorsupportthegeneralstatementmadeinthetopicsentence.Anysentencethatdoesnotrelatetothemainideawillnotdevelopit.Paragraphunityalsorequiresthatthemainideashallbefullydeveloped.Howtoachieveparagraphunity?•Beginwithadiscussiblepointandexpressitinatopicsentence.•Sticktothissinglepointthroughout,thatis,allothersentencesshouldbeaboutthispoint.•Proveordevelopthepoint;don’tmerelyrepeatit.•Linkyoursentencestomakeyourideaseasytofollow.Paragraph1ThetraditionofexchanginggiftsatChristmasispracticeddifferentlyindifferentfamilies.Somefamiliesdoonethingwhileothersdosomethingdifferently.Somefamiliesexchangegifts;othersdon’t.Insomefamiliesfewergiftsareexchanged.Othersgiveasmanyaspossible.Thistraditionisagood,healthytradition.Myfamilyhasbeenpracticingthistraditionallalong.•Paragraph2ThetraditionofexchanginggiftsatChristmasispracticeddifferentlyindifferentfamilies.Inmyfamily,forexample,weexchangewrappedpresentsonChristmasEveafterdinner.OnChristmasDaytherearealsogiftsfromSantaClausunderthetreeformysisterandme.SantaClaushasbeenbringingsuchgiftstoourhousesinceIwasachild,andmysisterandIlikethetraditionsowellthateventhoughwe’renowgrown-up,we’veaskedhimnevertostop.InmybestfriendJane’sfamily,ontheotherhand,thegiftsarenotopenedonChristmasEvebutonChristmasDay.SantaClausstoppedcomingbytheirhouseoncethechildrenbecameteenagers.Thegiftstoeachother,however,arenotlabeled,soyouneverknowwhogiveswhat.Nevertheless,onethingstaysthesame:bothfamiliesenjoythespiritofChristmasequally,althoughintheirownway.•Paragraph3ManystudentsintheUnitedStatesliveawayfromhomewhileattendingcollege.Insomecases,studentschoosecollegesthataremanymilesawayfromtheirhometown;someevengotoschoolsontheothersideofthecountry.Inthiscase,theymustliveapartfromtheirfamilies.Someyoungpeoplechoosetoleavehomeattheageofeighteeneventhoughtheyarenotattendingcollege.Evenstudentswhoattendcollegesintheirowntownsmaysometimesdecidetoliveinapartmentsordormitoriesoncampus.Reasonablypricedhousinghasbecomeincreasinglyhardtofindinmanycollegecommunities.Studentswhochoosetoliveoncampusratherthanathomeoftendosobecausetheywanttobeinvolvedincampusactivities.Somealsofeelthatlivingclosetocampusmakesthemstudyharderbecausetheyareawayfromthedistractionsofhomelife.Ingeneral,itismorecommonforAmericancollegestudentstoliveoncampusthanathome.ParagraphCoherence•Coherenceisconnection•Acoherentparagraphistheoneinwhicheverysentenceafterthefirstisconnectedtotheonebeforeit,tothetopicsentenceorboth,andreaderscanreadilyfollowthewriter’strainofthought(=relatedseriesofthoughts).•Anincoherentparagraphisoneinwhichthesentencesarebadlyconnectedornotconnectedatall,andthereadersarelikelytolosetheirway.Howtoachieveparagraphcoherence•Arrangesentencesinaclearorder.•Usecorrectpronouns•UsecorrectlinkingwordsandexpressionsPointoutwhichofthefollowingthreeparagraphsiscoherentandwhichisnotandwhy.Passage1Timeistricky.Itisdifficulttocontrolandeasytowaste.Whenyoulookahead,youthinkyouhavemoretimethanyouneed.Atthebeginningofasemester,wemayfeelthatwehaveplentyoftimeonourhands.Towardtheendofthetermwemaysuddenlyfindthattimeisrunningout.Youdidn’thaveenoughtimetocoverallyouduties,soyougetworried.Whatistheanswer?Control!(77words)Passage2AsImajorininternationalaffairs,Iamconcernedwithwhatishappeningintheworld.Icanalwaysgetthelatestnewsontheinternet.Iseizeeveryopportunitytomakefriends,gainexperienceanddevelopmyabilitiesbytakingpartinactivitiesoncampus.ThecomputeristhemostusefulresourceIhaveatcollege.Ithelpsmealotinfindinginformationformystudiesandincopingwithmycourseassignments.AsIvisittheuniversitywebsitedaily,Iamwellinformedonwhatisgoingononcampus.Withthecomputer,Ifeel