马克吐温写作风格鉴赏(An-Analysis-of-the-Writing-Styles-of-Ma

AnAnalysisoftheWritingStylesofMarkTwainHiscolloquialLanguageandSatireintheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnI.TheBackgroundofMarkTwain1.1MarkTwainandHisExperienceMarkTwain,pseudorymofSamuellanghoneClemens,wasbroughtupinthetownofHannibal,Missouri,neartheMississippiRiver.Hewastwelvewhenhisfatherdiodandhehadtoleaveschool.Hewassuccessivelyaprinter’sapprentice,atrampprinter,asilverminer,asteamboatpilotontheMississippi,andafrontierjournalistinNevadaandCalifornia.Thisknockingaboutgavehimawideknowledgeofhumanity.AsoneofAmerica’sfirstandforemostrealistsandhumorists,MarkTwainusuallywroteabouthisownpersonalexperiencesandthingsheknewaboutfromfirsthandexperience.HislifespannedthetwoAmericas,thefrontierAmericaandtheemergingurban,industrialgiantofthetwenty-century.Asawitnessofthecivilwar,Twainsawclearlythegreatchangesinnation’seconomicdevelopmentandpoliticallife.WiththefinalvictoryovertheSouththeNorthonceagainenjoyeditswieldingpowerinthenation’sadministration.NowtheacuteconflictathomewasunderminedandtheAmericanpeopleagainfocusedtheirfullattentiononre-constructionafterthewar.Becausemostmajorityoftheslaveswereemancipated,theslave-basedeconomyofthedefeatedSouthhaditsprosperitybecamerootless.Inthiscase,clustersofgroundlesssouthernpoorwhitesandthenewlyfreedslavesheadeddirectlyofindirectlyforthenew-liberatedcitiestoseekopportunities.Itmaybecalledthe‘GoldRush’rejuvenated,orrather,itwasso-calledthe‘AmericanDream’bysomecritics.TwainalsocouldnothelprushingtothewesttowillhisAmericandream.HeoncebelievedtheideaofdevelopmentandindustrializationsinceitwouldmodernizetheyoungcountryandencouragetheenterprisingspiritoftheAmericanwhohadlongbeenfamousforit.Hewasfirmlyenthralledbysuchfever,soonceagainheheldanoptimisticattitudetowardsthepost-westwardexpansion.Hedrewmuchinspirationfromtheunparalleledandmagnificenteventandspokehighlyofitsdecision-makersanditspeople.1.2TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnThebestworkthatMarkTwaineverproducedis,aswenotedearlieron,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.IttellsastoryabouttheUnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWar,around1850,whenthegreatMississippiValleywasstillbeingsettled.HereliesanAmerica,withitsgreatnationalfaults,fullofviolenceandevencruelty,yetstillretainingthevirtuesof‘somesimplicity,someinnocence,andsomepeace.’ThestorytakesplacealongtheMississippiRiver,onbothsidesofwhichtherewasunpopulatedwildernessandadenseforest.ItrelatesthestoryoftheescapeofJimfromslaveryand,moreimportant,howHuckFinn,floatingalongwithhimandhelpinghimasbesthecould,changeshismind,hisprejudiceaboutblackpeople,andcomestoacceptJimasamanandasaclosefriendaswell.AttheheartofTwain’sachievementishiscreationofHuckFinn,whoembodiesthatmythicAmerica,midwaybetweenthewildernessandthemodernsuperstate.1.3AGeneralIntroductiontotheMississippiTheMississippiisnotonlyMarkTwain’slifestagebutalsoAmericansociety’sstage.ItflowsthroughthemiddleofAmerica;it’soneofthegreatestriversintheworld.InTwain’searlyyears,thegeographiccorewasthegreatvalleyoftheMississippiRiver,andtheMississippiisthemainarteryoftransportationontheyoungnation’sheart.In1857,youngMarkTwainenteredthatworldasacubpilotonasteamboat.Later,whenhewentedtowritesomething,thislandprovidedhimwithmanyplentifulwritingmaterials.II.AnalyzingTwoWritingStylesofMarkTwain(intheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn)MarkTwainwasthefirstimportantwritertoconsistentlyusetheAmericanspeechratherthanEngland’sEnglish.Hishonor,whetheritwasaimedatpureentertainmentoratsocialsatire,wasirresistible.Hisrealism,anddetailsinfluencedmanylaterAmericannovelists.ThatwaswhyErnestHemingwayoncesaid“allmodernAmericanliteraturescamefromonebookwrittenbyMarkTwaincalledTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.”AnditbecameTwain’smasterpiece.MarkTwain’sthreeyears’lifeonthatreturnedtotheMississippileftsuchafondmemorywithhimthatreturnedtothethememorethanonceinhiswritingcareer.HuckleberryFinnisaveritablerecreationoflivingmodels,andisHuck’sbook,notJim’s.Thetwomajorcharacters,HuckandJim,representthetwosidesofthedilemma:Huckstrikesoutforanabsolutefreedom,whileJimrequires,inordertogainhisownfreedom,thatHuckqualifyhisfreedombyenteringintothepursuitofJim’s.Itstartsoutasacomedy,an‘AsYouLikeIt’withaherodrawnfromthebottomofsocietyratherthanthetop.Huckandhisfather,Jim,theswindlers(theDukeandtheDauphin),colonelsherburnandthedrunkardBoggy-allthesecharactersprototypesinreallife.Theportrayalofindividualincidentsandcharactersachievedintenseverisimilitudeofdetail.Seriousproblemsarebeingdiscussedthroughthenarrationofalittleilliterateboy.Thefactthatthewildernessjuxtaposedwithcivilization,thepeoplehalfwildandhalfcivilized,manyofwhomareworse,vulgar,arebrutal.Asforthestyleofthebook,theformisbasedonthesimplestofallnovel-forms,theso-calledpicaresquenovel,ornoveloftheroad,whichstringsitsincidentsonthelineofthehero’stravels.But,inthisnovel,riversareroadsthatmove,andthemovementoftheroadinitsownmysteriouslifetransmutestheprimitivesimplicityofthefrom:theroaditselfisthegreatestcharacterinthisnoveloftheroad,andthehero’sdeparturesfromtheriverandhisreturnstoitcomposeasubtleandsignificantpattern.TheAdventuresofHuckleber