Unit 6 Expanded Sentence (II)

Unit6ExpandedSentenceBase(II)IntroductionBesidesrelativeclause,wecanexpandsentenceswiththehelpofparticiples.Participlesrefertothe–ingand-edformsofverbs,usedfordescriptivepurposes.Usuallywecallthe–ingformthepresentparticiple,andthe–edformthepastparticiple.Warm-upactivitiesFinishtheexercisesinPage75anddiscusstheeffectsofusingthe–ingand–edforms.Sentence1-2:useparticiplesasattributes.Sentence3-4:useparticiplestoindicatesimultaneousaction.Sentence5-6:useparticiplesasabsoluteconstructions.Lookatthefollowingsentences,.Whatdoestheitalicizedwordsmodify?a.Thecryinggirlpickedupherbrokenpiggybank.b.Theboyandthegirl,singinganddancing,wenthometogether.Whenweuseaverbtodescribeanoun,theremustbealogicalrelationshipbetweenthem:thenouneithercarriesouttheactionorreceivetheaction.Ifthenouncarriesouttheaction,itisthelogicalsubjectoftheverb,andweshouldusethepresentparticiple.(-ingform);ifthenounreceivestheaction,itisthelogicalobjectoftheverb,andweshouldusethepastparticiple.(-edform)a.Thetremblingoldmanstoodbythebrokenwindow.b.Frightenedbyastrangenoisedownstairs,hewentdownslowly,holdinghisguninhishand.c.Togetherthefriendsfollowedthetrail,pickingupthefallenraspberriesastheywentalong.Let’sseemoresentences.Istheredifferencebetweentheitalicizedwordinsentencebandsentenceaandc?Asyoumighthavenoticedthat,insentenceb,frightenedandholdingarenotusedalone.Whenaparticipleisusedwithotherwordstoexpressamorecompleteidea,itbecomesaparticiplephrase.PleasereadthesentencesinPage77andidentifytheparticiplesandexplaintheirfunctions.ComplexparticiplephraseA.presentparticiplesindifferentmodesandaspects1.Watchingthemovie,theboybecameveryexcited.2.Havingwatchedthemovie,theboybecameveryexcited.3.Hurtinthegame,BeckhammaynotbeabletoplayinthecomingWorldCupmatch.4.Havingbeenhurtinthegame,Beckhamstayedinhospitalforabouttwoweeks.FormMeaningSimpleformdoingTheactioniscarriedoutbythesubjectandtakesplaceatthesametimeasthepredicate.PerfectaspectHavingdoneTheactioniscarriedoutbythesubjectandtakesplacebeforethepredicate.Passivevoice(being)doneTheactionisreceivedbythesubjectandtakesplaceatthesametimeasthepredicate.PerfectaspectinPassivevoiceHavingbeendoneTheactionisreceivedbythesubjectandtakesplacebeforethepredicate.Finishtheexercisesinpage80.Participleswithconjunctionsa.Whenseeingtheteacher,theboysstoppedtalking.b.Thoughlivinginabighouse,sheisstillnotsatisfied.c.Ifcaughtcheating,you’llbethrownoutofschool.What’sthedifferencebetweenthesesentencesandthesentencesweseebefore?Wecansometimesputaconjunctionbeforeaparticipletomakethemeaningmorecolorful.Conjunctionscanexpressthefollowingmeanings.Time:when,while,before,after…Concession:though,although,evenif…Condition:if,when,unlessWhilechasingthecat,thedoghurtitsfeet.Thoughholdingimportantpositionsandearningbigmoney,heisnothappy.Whenheated,thismaterialwillgiveoffaverybadsmell.Exerciseinpage81Participles’functiona.Educationisascientificprocess.Educationrequiresconscientiousplanning.b.Educationisascientificprocess.Itrequiresconscientiousplanning.c.Educationisascientificprocesswhichrequiresconscientiousplanning.’d.Educationisascientificprocess,requiringconscientiousplanning.Creatingconcisesentencesa.Mr.Kingwenthappilytohisoffice,sangtohimselfandnoddedtoacquaintanceshemet.b.Mr.Kingwenthappilytohisoffice,singingtohimselfandnoddingtoacquaintanceshemet.c.Singingtohimselfandnoddingtoacquaintancehemet,Mr.Kingwenthappilytohisoffice.Producingmoredetailedsentencesa.Samjumpedoutofhischair,hearingasuddenloudcrashathisgate.b.Heslowlywalkeduptohishouse,checkedhismailboxandopenedhisdoor,gettingoffthetaxi.c.I’llhavetostayinbedforacoupleofdays,hurtincaraccident.d.Theboyswenthappilytothemovie,havingfinishedtheirhomework.Establishingclearerlogicandcorrecttheabovesentences.FinishtheexercisesinPage83andpage84Absolutes(1)Hurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.(2)Mybestfriendhurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.b.(1)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,singinghappilyinthespringfragrance.(2)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,herradiosinginghappilyinthespringfragrance.Tellthedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.Theseparticipleshavealogicalsubjectdifferentfromthatofthesentence.Whatisabsoluteconstructionorabsolute?InEnglish,participlephrasesusedwiththeirownlogicalsubjectsarecalledabsolutes.a.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,hishandsputinhispockets.b.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsputinhispockets.c.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsinhispockets.DifferentformsofabsolutesFromthisexample,wemaygetaconclusion,thatis,anabsoluteconstructionmayappearinthreeforms:1)determiner+n.+participleverb+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase2)n.+participleverb+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase3)n.+otherpartsoftheparticiplephraseUsingabsoluteswithpurposea.Themanagersatquietlyinhisoffice,hiseyesclosed.b.Themanagersatquietlyinhisoffice,acigaretteburninginhishands.c.Samwalkedslowlyofftheplayground,hisfacestreakedwithtears.d.Samwalkedslowlyofftheplayground,hisleftlegbleeding.Absolutesadddetails,andmakesentencesmuchmorevivid.a.Hisno