杭州城市蔓延评估体系及其治理对策

ACTAGEOGRAPHICASINICA64420094Vol.64,No.4Apr.,2009,(，310029)：，。，，。，，，，，，。，，，。，，，、、、。：；；；1、、、[1,2]。20，，。[3-5]：；；，；，；，，，；，，，，；,，，。，。，，，GIS[6]。，,、、。，，，。，2008-03-25;2008-11-25(40471055);(200819)[Foundation:NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,No.40471055;SpecialFundfromtheLandRemediationExpenditureofNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,No.200819](1962-),,,,:。E-mail:[e-mail]417-42564，，，。，，，，。22.1，、[7-9]。，，。[10,11]。Frenkel313[12]，。，，。，，。，，。，，。，、、，，，。，LopezSI[13]，SI=((S-D)+1)/2，S，D，SI0~1，，，。，Cole[14]，=A/A'，A，A'，，，。，，=1-UA/UA'，UA。Frenkel[12]LFI，LFI＝Aout/UA，Aout，。Z，Z=Uz/UA，Uz。，、、，1，。，GM，—[15]。，(1)。fkk，m。GM，，。GM=1-mk=1Σfk2mk=1ΣfkΣΣ(1)，：，(AHP)Wi，，，4184：P，P，，。：CI=λmax-nn-1(2)CR=CIRI(3)：λmaxP；n；RI；CR，CR0.10，，，。Wi(1)，λmax＝5.1087，CI＝0.02719，RI＝1.12，CR＝0.02430.1，。，，TI：TI=5i=1ΣBi×Wi(4)2.2，，，，。，，，，。，，。。[16,17]。，，。，：SP=TI×R(u)(5)R(u)u，，SP，(0.8~1.0)，(0.6~0.8)，(0.4~0.6)，(0.2~0.4)，(0.0~0.2)，SP1、SP2、SP3、SP4、SP55。R(u)，u。，：①：，，；②：，，；③：，，。④：，，。，[18,19]，，10(2)。，，

WB1 ，，，，，，，， ，，，，，0.3876B2，，1，(，，，，，/，，，，，，，，，，)0.1372B3，，，，，，，，，，/，，，，，，，0.0769B4，，
，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，0.2129B5，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，GM
，，0.18531Tab.1Theindexsystemofspatialform41964，。，，，：Hij=(Cij-mi)/(Mi-mi)Cij(Mi-Cij)/(Mi-mi)Cij(6)：Cijij，Mii，mii，i=1,2,…,n，j=1,2,…,q。SPSS，nλ1,λ2,…,λn()λini=1Σλiii-1pi=1Σλini=1Σλiii-1。P85%，。，P，(7)。Ep=ni=1Σ(Kpi×Hi)λp姨(7)：Kpip，Hi，λp，n。，，jFj，Fj=(λ1E1+λ2E2+...+λpEp)ni=1Σλij=1,2,…,q(8)，，，u：U={min{U(x/y),U(y/x)}/max{U(x/y),U(y/x)}](9)U(x/y)=exp{-(x-x')/s2}(10)：x，y，U(x/y)xy，x，x'，s2。，，。U，，U=1，。，R(u)=exp(-βu)(11)
C1 uuu/uuuuuuC2uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu/GDPuuuC3uuuuu uuuuu /uuuuuuC4uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuuuuuuuuuXC5uuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuuuC6uuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuC7uuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuC8uuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuC9uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuuuuuuuuuYC10uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu/uuuuuuuuuuu2Tab.2Theeconomicandsocialindexsystemofurbansprawl4204：β，：(U0.95)，SP1，。1，β＝0，R(u)=1，1-R(u)。，u＝0.95，，SP1SP2，1-R(u)=(SP1max-SP2max)/SP1max，，β＝-ln[R(u)]/u，β0.2349。3，()199069km22005255.09km2，153.69。1990109.97，2005190.29，151.73。,，。(2)，()。，1990-2005，，。Matlab，，TI＝0.7116，SPSS，，。，92.855%88.274%，(3)。(7)、(8)(3)，，OLS，
    C1-0.9760.051C60.968-0.158C2-0.1870.977C70.791-0.820C30.973-0.048C80.8110.405C40.8710.228C90.3470.870C50.9660.084C100.975-0.1803Tab.3Matrixofprincipalcomponents42164：X=0.995-0.96Y(12)Y=0.965-0.808X(13)，(5)、(9)、(10)、(11)，U=0.5778，R(u)=0.8731，SP=0.6213，，(0.6~0.8)。3，1998，。10，，1998268.1720071684.13，106.28，，2007405.37，，，，19981134.8920074103.89。，，，，，，，，。U=0.5778，，，。，，，。4，，，，、、、。，。，，，。，，，4。-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.21.41990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
 3Fig.3ThesynthesizedindexofeconomyandsocietyinHangzhou


 4Fig.4Governancemechanismofurbansprawl4224：4.1GDP，，，，，，(22.2km2，)，，。(105km2)，、，。，，GDP，，。，、，，“”，。4.2，1994，。，2004。，33012，。，，(20071-10294)，。，、，，，，，，。4.3，，，。，，，。20072495.5，636，21，。，，。、、，，[20]。4.4，，200715.44，23.9%。，，12~15km。，，“”；，，，，。，[21]，、，，。4.5，，，、、，，。，，42364，，，。，：，、，，，，，，“”；，，(TOD[22])，，，，。，，、、，，、，，，、。，，，，，，。5(1)，，。，，。(2)。。，，。，，，。(3)，。GDP，，。，，，。，，。。：，。(References)[1]GalsterG,HansonR,RatcliffeMR.Wrestlingsprawltotheground:Definingandmeasuringanelusiveconcept.HousingPolicyDebate,2001,12(4):681-717.[2]DingChengri,MengXiaochen.SmartgrowthinUSAanditsimplicationstorapidurbanspatialdevelopmentinChina.UrbanStudies,2007,14(4):120-126.[,..,2007,14(4):120-126.][3]HarveyRO,ClarkWAV.Thenatureandeconomicsofurbansprawl.AQuarterlyJournalofPlanning,Housing&PublicUtilities,1965,12(1):1-10.[4]FrankJE.Thecostsofalternativedevelopmentpatterns:Areviewoftheliterature.Washington.DC:UrbanLandLnstitute,1989.[5]EwingR.IsLosAngeles-stylesprawldesirable?JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssociation,1997,63(1):107-126.[6]LiQiang,YangKaizhong.UrbanSprawl.Beijing:MachineryIndustryPress,2007.[,..:,2007.][7]PeiserRB.Densityandurbansprawl.LandEconomics,1989,65(3):193-203.[8]HessGR,DaleyS,DerrisonBK.Justwhatissprawl,anyway?CarolinaPlanning,2001,26(2):11-26.[9]YehAG,LiX.Measurementandmonitoringofurbansprawlinarapidlygrowingregionusingentropy.4244：PhotogrammetricEngineeringandRemoteSensing,2001,67(1):83-90.[10]EwingR.Measuringurbansprawlanditsimpacts.://[11]TsaiYH.Quantifyingurbanform:Compactnessversus'sprawl'.UrbanStudies,2005,42(1):141-161.[12]FrenkelA,AshkenaziM.Theintegratedsprawlindex:MeasuringtheurbanlandscapeinIsrael[EB/OL].[13]LopezR,HynesHP.Sprawlinthe1990s:Measurement,distributionandtrends.UrbanAffairReview,2003,38(3):325-355.[14]LinBingyao.Themeasurementmethodsandevaluationofurbanspatialform.UrbanPlanningForum,1998,(3):42-45.[..,1998,(3):42-45.][15]ZhengXinqi.TheTheory,Methods,Techniques,EvidenceoftheUrbanLandOptimalAllocationandIntensiveevaluation.Beijing:SciencePress,2004.[.,,,.:,2004.][16]LiYan,ZengZhenxiang,WuYouxi.Studyandapplicationofevaluationmethodofcoordinateddevelopmentofeconomy-environmentsystem.SystemEngineering:Theory&Practice,2003,(5):54-58