PPT制作――曲线模版

CostsShort-runcostsTotalcostTotalcostsforfirmX020406080100012345678TFCOutput(Q)01234567TFC(£)1212121212121212TotalcostsforfirmX020406080100012345678TVCTFCOutput(Q)01234567TFC(£)1212121212121212TVC(£)010162128406091TotalcostsforfirmX020406080100012345678TCTVCTFCOutput(Q)01234567TFC(£)1212121212121212TVC(£)010162128406091TC(£)12222833405272103TotalcostsforfirmX020406080100012345678TVCTFCDiminishingmarginalreturnssetinhereTCShort-runcostsMarginalcost=DTC/DQ02040608010012001234567DerivingmarginalcostsQTCMC012122228333440552672710310657122031TCQCosts(£)02040608010012001234567QTCMC012122228333440552672710310657122031DTC=12DQ=1QCosts(£)TCDerivingmarginalcosts02040608010012001234567QTCMC012122228333440552672710310657122031MCDiminishingreturnssetinhereQCosts(£)TCDerivingmarginalcosts0510152025303501234567MCQCosts(£)DerivingmarginalcostsShort-runcostsAveragecost=TC/Q0510152025303501234567AFCQTVCAVC00-1101021683217428754086601079113QCosts(£)AVC0510152025303501234567AFCQTCAC0121222222814333114401055210.467212710314.7QCosts(£)AVCAC0510152025303501234567QTCMCAC012122228333440552672710310657122031MCAC-2214111010.41214.7QCosts(£)0510152025303501234567QTCMCAC012122228333440552672710310657122031MCAC-2214111010.41214.7QCosts(£)Long-runcostsLong-runcostsAlternativelong-runaveragecostcurvesOutputOCosts(a)EconomiesofscaleLRACAlternativelong-runaveragecostcurvesOutputOCosts(b)DiseconomiesofscaleLRACAlternativelong-runaveragecostcurvesOutputOCosts(c)ConstantcostsLRACAtypicallong-runaveragecostcurveOutputOCostsLRACAtypicallong-runaveragecostcurveOutputOCostsLRACEconomiesofscaleConstantcostsDiseconomiesofscaleLong-runaverageandmarginalcostsOutputOCosts(a)EconomiesofscaleLRACLRMCOutputOCosts(b)DiseconomiesofscaleLRACLong-runaverageandmarginalcostsLRMCOutputOCosts(c)ConstantcostsLRAC=LRMCLong-runaverageandmarginalcostsOutputOCosts(d)Initialeconomiesofscale,thendiseconomiesofscaleLong-runaverageandmarginalcostsLRMCLRACLong-runcostsRelationshipbetweenshort-runandlong-runACcurvesDerivinglong-runaveragecostcurves:factoriesoffixedsizeSRAC1CostsOutputO1factoryDerivinglong-runaveragecostcurves:factoriesoffixedsizeSRAC1SRAC2CostsOutputO2factoriesDerivinglong-runaveragecostcurves:factoriesoffixedsizeSRAC1SRAC3SRAC2CostsOutputO3factoriesDerivinglong-runaveragecostcurves:factoriesoffixedsizeSRAC1SRAC3SRAC2SRAC4SRAC5CostsOutputO5factories4factoriesDerivinglong-runaveragecostcurves:factoriesoffixedsizeSRAC1SRAC3SRAC2SRAC4SRAC5LRACCostsOutputODerivingalong-runaveragecostcurve:choiceoffactorysizeCostsOutputOExamplesofshort-runaveragecostcurvesDerivingalong-runaveragecostcurve:choiceoffactorysizeLRACCostsOutputO