初中英语语法之定语从句

TheAttributiveClauseWhichbabyisJack?穿黄裤子的baby是Jack。ThebabyisJack.ThebabyisJack.whosetrousersareyellowwhoiswearingyellowtrousersJackWhichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouse关键词：定语从句，先行词，主句，关系代词1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.Thewoman(whoyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.5.whose表示物主，与其后的名词共同表示从句的主语ThisisthegirlwhosenameisSally.Thatistheboywhosefatherisapoliceman.归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar____________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.which/thatwhich/that///who/thatwhom/that///以下情况只能用that1先行词既有指人又有指物2当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有theonly,thevery等修饰时3先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词4主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?theoneThisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek.3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.for4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。中考链接IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersIvisitesinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which2013安徽