英语介绍电脑发展史

Inthelastmiddlecentury,toomanyscientistsdevotedtheirlifejustwanttoinventedamachinewhichcanhelppeoplecalculatecomplexdata.Ofcourse,theygetveryhighlyachievement,sotodayIjusthaveseveralimportantsymbolicprogresstoshow.InFebruary15,1946,markingthebirthofthemoderncomputerENIACisinventedinthePhiladelphia(费城).TheENIACrepresentsthehistoryofthecomputermilepost(里程碑).ItisdevelopedbytheUnitedstatesgovernmentandtheuniversityofPennsylvania,used18000vacuumtubes(真空管),70000resistors(电阻器),5millionweldingpoint(焊接点),andthepowerconsumptionabout160kilowatts.Theoperationspeedisabout5000timesasecond.itisveryquickatthatage.Theinventionofthetransistorin1948,insteadofthehugeelectrontubestobeusedinelectronicequipment.In1956,transistorwasusedincomputerledtotheproductionofthesecondgenerationcomputer.Thesecondgenerationcomputerhastheadvantagesofsmallvolume,highspeed,lowpowerconsumption,stablefunction.In1958Texas(德州)engineerJackKilbyinventedtheIC,madethreeelectroniccomponent(原件)intoatinysilicon(硅).Itisaleapinthehistoryofcomputerdevelopment.Thecomputerbecomessmaller,lowerpowerconsumption,faster.Andmadepossibleintheinventionofpersonalcomputers.LSIcanaccommodatehundredscomponents.In1980s,ultralargescaleintegration(超大集成电路ULSI)canaccommodatethehundredsofthousandsofcomponents,evenincreasethenumbertomillions.Itmadecomputer’ssizeandpriceslowerbutthefunctionbetter.In1981,IBMintroducedthepersonalcomputer(PC)forhome,officeandschool.TheULSIThePCThesmallestCMOSchip(芯片)intheworld.Itis0.4mmlevel.