高考英语-虚拟语气

虚拟语气目录•虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用•虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用•虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用•asif从句中的虚拟语气•“情态动词+havedone”用法一览表一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+动词过去式（be动词用were）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+动词原形Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设1.If+动词过去式2.If+wereto+动词原形3.If+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.If省略句•当条件状语从句中谓语含有were,had，should，可省略if，同时把were,had，should提到从句句首，变为倒装句式。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.___________________,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.___________________,wewouldnotgoclimbing.HadyoucomeearlierShoulditraintomorrow二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中（1）wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。虚拟语气通过时态退一步来实现。IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!(拓展：HowIwish+从句=Ifonly+句子)二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中（2）在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用动词过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。例句：Iwouldrathertheyhadn’theardofthenewsyesterday.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中（3）用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见动词有demand,order,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。虚拟语气通过“should+动词原形”来实现，其中should可省略。例句：Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：当suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意时，后面的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。如：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用2.用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential+that从句，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。例句：It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。例句：Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用•Itis(high)timethat…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，或用“should+动词原形”（此时should不能省略）。此句型意为“（现在）该…”，用来表示建议。Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.=Itis(high)timethatyoushouldgotoschool.Itis(high)timethatthechildrenhadlunch.=Itis(high)timethatthechildrenshouldhavelunch.四、asif从句中的虚拟语气形式用法说明asif+一般过去时（did）从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生asif+过去完成时（haddone）从句动作在主句动作之前发生asif+过去将来时（woulddo）从句动作在主句动作之后发生四、asif从句中的虚拟语气例句：1.他看起来像个艺术家。Helooksasifhe______anartist.1.她讲英语如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshe_______________EnglishinAmerica.1.他如此努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhe____________totheU.S.A.werehadstudiedwouldgo五、”情态动词+havedone”用法一览表情态动词+havedone用法例句musthavedone一定做了（表推测）Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.can’thavedone不可能做了（表推测）Hecan’thaveforgottenit.needn’thavedone本不必做却做了Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhome.should/oughttohavedone本该做而实际上未做Youshouldhavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.