高精度时间间隔测量方法综述_孙杰

.2007.15(2)　ComputerMeasurement&Control　　145chinamca.com:2006-03-06;　:2006-05-09。:　(1975-),,,,。:1671-4598(2007)02-0141-04　　　　　　:O63;TP273.5　　　　　　:A孙　杰,潘继飞(,　230037):,,,,,;。:;;;;MethodsofHighPrecisionTime-IntervalMeasurementSunJie,PanJifei(ElectronicEngineeringInstituteofPLA,Hefei　230037,China)Abstract:Technologyoftime-intervalmeasurementhasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Howtoimproveitsprecisionisanemergentques-tion.Onthebasisofanalyzingelectroniccounter'sprincipleanderror,thispaperputsemphasisuponintroducinghighprecisiontime-inter-valmeasurementsallovertheworld.Allthesemethodsaimatelectroniccounter'sprincipleerror,andobtainspecialeffect.Lastly,thepro-gressdirectionandapplicationforegroundofhighprecisiontime-intervalmeasurementmethodsarepredicted.Keywords:timeinterval;principleerror;interpolating;time-to-digitalconversion;time-to-amplitudeconversion0　,;,,,。、、,,。,,。1　1.1　,,,1。1　f0,T0=1/f0,M,N,T1,T2,Tx:Tx=(N-M)T0+T1-T2(1)　　,M,N,:T′x=(N-M)T0(2)　　(1)、(2)Δ=T1-T2,T0,,。,,(2):ΔT′x=Δ(N-M)T0+(N-M)ΔT0(3)(3)、(2):ΔT′xT′x=Δ(N-M)(N-M)+ΔT0T0(4)　　,Δ(N-M)=±1,N-M=T′x/T0,:ΔT′x=±T0+T′xΔT0/T0(5)T′xΔT0/T0,ΔT0/T0,Tx,。:(1),,。(2),。,[1-3],。1.2　,;,,。:,DOI牶牨牥牣牨牰牭牪牰牤j牣cnki牣牨牨牠牬牱牰牪牤tp牣牪牥牥牱牣牥牪牣牥牥牪　146　　15chinamca.com,。,1ns,1GHz,,、,,。:T1T2,,,,。:T1T2,,、,。,。2　,,,,,,,。,T1T2,T1T2。,,2.2　Tx,I1;I2=I1/k[4]。,p;,,,,,,;,,;。,,3。,Ts、T1T2,Ts=NT0,,T1T2。T1T2,。T1T2,T1,I1C,T1I2=I1/k,,。:I1T1C=I2T′1C(6)3　　　T′1=kT1,k,,N1,T1=N1T0k,T2=N2T0k,Ts:Tx=NT0+T1-T2=N+N1-N2kT0(7)　　T1T2,k,k=1000,。,10MHz,k=1000,100ns,,0.1ns,10GHz。,T1T2,T1T2k,,k,k,,。,,,,。:(1)。kT1N1T0,T0/k,,。(2)()。,,。(3),。(4)。HPHP5360A,1000,k=1000,10MHz,0.1ns。3　TDC(time-to-digitalcon-verter),,,T1T2。,τ1,τ2,,2　,:　147　chinamca.comN1,T1=N1τ1,T2=N2τ2。TDC:Tx=NT0+T1-T2=NTo+N1τ1-N2τ2(8)　　4。4　,,FPGA。LSB()。:,,,。,,,,、。,。,。[6]、[7]TDC。TDC,[7]0～43s,200ps。FPGA,6bit-(TDC),100MHz,TDCLSB200ps,。TDC,0.65LSB。[8]TDC,FPGA,FPGA,128,100ps,170ps,70ps,0～43s,260mw。5。5　TDC4　T1T2,。:f01f02。f01f02,,ΔT0=T02-T01,[9]、[10],:T1=N1ΔT0T2=N2ΔT0(9)　　:K=T01ΔT0=T01T02-T01(10)　　:Tx=(N0K+N1-N2)T01K(11)　　:N0;K=T01T02-T01;N1T11,N2T22;T01,T02。T01=10ns,T02=10.1ns,K=T01T02-T01=100.1=100,0.1ns。,:(1)f01,f02。(2),f01,f02,,,。(3)、,。,,,HPHP5370A,,,,20ps。5　-T1T2,,,T1T2K,;T1T2;。。T1T2。5.1　TVC,。1,T1,T1,T1。,IC,R,Ct:VC=RI1-e-t/RC(12)　　,,,V′C,VC=0T1,V′C=RI1-e-T1/RC。,,,　148　　15chinamca.com,,,。,V′CADC,N′,。ADCm,V′cm,N′=2m(V′c/V′cm),ADCV′C,N′,V′CT1,:T1=-RCln1-(N′V′Cm)(2mRI)(13)T1,T2。[11]。TVC(time-to-voltagecon-verter),10ns～1μs。[12],,AD,10MHz,400ps。5.2　T1T2,,,:,,,,,,T0VPP,n,VPP,ADCN1,T1:T1=N12nT0(14)　　T2T2=N22nT0。,[13],0.2ns。:(1)。(2)ADC。,,,,。6　:(1),T1T2。(2),,,。(3)-,。(4)。,,T1T2。-,,,、,-,,--,。:(1)。(2)。(3)。(4)。(5)。,PRI,、,。:[1],,.[M].,1983.[2],,,.[M].,2004.[3],.[M].,2003.[4]AholaR,MyllylaR.Anewmethodformeasuringthetime-of-flightinfastlaserrangefinding[J].Proc.SPIE,1986,654:19-25.[5]KaliszJ,SzpletR,PasierbinskiJ,etal.Field-orogrammable-gate-array-basedtime-to-digitalconverterwith200psresolu-tion[J].IEEETran.Instrum.andMeas.,1997,46:71-75.[6]KaliszJ,PawlowskiM,PelkaR.ErroranalysisanddesignoftheNutttime-intervaldigitizerwithpicosecondresolution[J].J.Phys.E:Sci.Instrum.,1987,20:1330-1341.[7]KaliszJ,SzpletR,PelkaR.Single-chipinterpolatingtimecounterwith200-psresolutionand43-sRange[J].TransactionsonIn-strumentationandMeasurement,1997,46(4):851-856.[8]SzpletR,KaliszJ,SzymanowskiR.Interpolatingtimecounterwith100psresolutiononasingleFPGAdevice[J].IEEETransactiononInstrumentationandMeasurement,2000,49(4):2000,879-883.[9],,,.[M].,1989.[10],,.[M].,1983.[11],,,.[J].,1997,21(3).[12]RuotsalainenER,RahkonenT,KostamovaaraJ.TimeIntervalmeasurementsusingtime-to-voltageconversionwithbuilt-indual-slopeA/Dconversion[A].Proc.IEEESymp.CircuitsSystem[C].1991,2573-2576.[13],,,.[J].,2001,23(2):