ZnO纳米粒子的制备及表征毕业论文

哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IZnO纳米粒子的制备及表征摘要本文首先介绍了现有的纳米ZnO的制备方法，由于液相沉淀-热分解法具有设备简单，反应条件易于控制，制备粒子的粒径小的优点，所以确定使用该方法来制备纳米ZnO。为了确定纳米ZnO的最佳制备条件，针对反应时间、反应温度、Zn2+浓度、物料配比和前驱体的焙烧温度进行了平行对照实验，测试制得的纳米粒子的粒径确定了反应时间为1.5h、反应温度为80℃、Zn2+浓度为1.2mol/L、nNa：nZn为2:1、前驱体焙烧温度为350℃时制得的ZnO粒径最小。在最优条件下制得了平均粒径在50-70nm的纳米ZnO。使用了XRD、SEM、红外分光光度计分析和热重仪对制得的ZnO进行了表征。以甲基橙溶液作为降解对象的验证纳米ZnO的光催化性能，甲基橙初始浓度为10mg/L,纳米ZnO投放量为200mg，前驱体焙烧温度为300℃得到的纳米ZnO光催化效果最佳，pH对纳米ZnO的光催化效果物明显影响。关键词纳米ZnO；热分解法；合成；光催化哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IIThePreparationofNanometerZnOandCharacterizationAbstractInthefirstpart,thispaperintroducessomepreparationmethodsofnanometerZnO,suchasdirectprecipitationmethod,sluggishprecipitation,Hydrothermalsynthesis,methodofsol-gel,thermaldecomposition,pulsedlaserdeposition,mol-ecularbeamepitaxy,pulverizationdecompositionprocessmethod.WedecidedtousethethermaldecompositionmethodinpreparationofnanometerZnO,duetothismethodhassimpleequipment,easyoperationandsmallerporediameternanometerZnOwaspreparation.InordertodeterminethebestpreparationconditionofnanometerZnO,WepreparedsomenanometerZnOindifferentrea-ctiontime,reactiontemperature,thromaofZn2+,materialblendingrationandsint-eringtemperatureofprecursor.Recurtoparticlesizemeasurement,thebestcon-ditionofpreparationfornanometerZnO.Whenreactiontimeis1.5hour,reactiontemperatureis80℃,thromaofZn2+is1.2mol/L,nNa：nZnis2:1andsinteringtemperatureofprecursoris300℃,diameterofnanometerZnOisminimal.Nano-meterZnOthataveragegrainsizeis50-70nmwaspreparedinthebestConditions.ThenanometerZnOwascharacterizedbyXraydiffdraction(XRD),Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),infraredspectrometer(FTIR)andthermalgravimetricanalyzer.TheroomtemperatureoftheZnOpowderswasexaminedanditsactiviytofPhotocatalyticdescompositionofmethylorangewasdescribed.Thedecolorizea-tionefficiencyofmethlyorangewasstudied,whiletheeffectsofthepH,dosageofnanometerZnO,thromaofmethylorangeandsinteringtemperatureofprecur-sor.ThephotocatalyticeffectofnanometerZnOpowdersisbestwhenthromaofmethylis10mg/L,quantityallottedofnanometerZnOis200mgandsinteringt-哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IIIemperatureofprecursoris300℃.ThepHhasnodiscernibleeffectonphotocata-lytic.Keywords:NanometerZnO;Thermaldecomposition;Chemicalcompound;Photocatalysis哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IV目录摘要..............................................................................................................IAbstract..............................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1课题背景...................................................................................................11.2纳米ZnO研究进展..................................................................................11.3纳米ZnO的结构及基本性能参数..........................................................31.3.1表面效应............................................................................................41.3.2小尺寸效应........................................................................................51.3.3量子尺寸效应....................................................................................51.4纳米ZnO的应用......................................................................................51.4.1抗紫外线............................................................................................61.4.2催化降解............................................................................................61.4.3导电性能............................................................................................61.4.4气敏性能............................................................................................61.4.5光电性能............................................................................................61.4.6发光性能............................................................................................61.5课题研究的主要内容...............................................................................7第2章纳米ZnO制备方案及实验体系的确定...............................................82.1纳米ZnO制备方法介绍..........................................................................82.1.1化学方法............................................................................................82.1.2物理方法..........................................................................................122.2纳米ZnO制备方法的确定....................................................................122.3本章小结.................................................................................................13第3章纳米ZnO的制备及表征.....................................................................143.1纳米ZnO的制备....................................................................................143.1.1药品与仪器......................................................................................143.1.2实验步骤..........................................................................................143.2纳米ZnO的表征....................................................................................163.2.1X射线衍射（XRD）.........................................................